Wuhan Virus

[ClydeR]

Should President Trump ban all Chinese from planes in the US to protect us from the Wuhan virus? Other countries are banning travelers from China. Would you sit by a Chinese on a flight?

[Methais]

Should President Trump ban all Chinese from planes in the US to protect us from the Wuhan virus? Other countries are banning travelers from China. Would you sit by a Chinese on a flight?

互联网
维基百科，自由的百科全书
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此條目可能包含原创研究或未查证内容。 (2012年11月12日)
请协助添加参考资料以改善这篇条目。详细情况请参见讨论页。
互联网
Visualization of Internet routing paths
2005年Opte项目互联网一部分的路由路径可视化
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协议显示▼
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Crystal Clear app linneighborhood.svg 互联网主题
查论编
電腦網路類型
（顺序按覆盖范围）
纳米网络
近場通訊（NFC）
藍牙
體域網
個人區域網絡（PAN）
无线个人网
局域网（LAN）
有线局域网
以太網路
令牌环
光纤分布式数据接口
无线局域网（WLAN）
Wi-Fi
ZigBee
Thread
MMDS
SMDS
虚拟局域网（VLAN）
家庭区域网络
存储区域网络（SAN）
园区网络（CAN）
骨干网
城域网（MAN）
广域网（WAN）
异步传输模式
帧中继
同步数字体系（SDH）
企业专用网络
虛擬私人網路（VPN）
雲端（IAN）
互联网
星际互联网（IPN）
查论编
「Internet」的各地常用譯名
中国大陸 互联网、因特网、英特网
臺灣 網際網路
港澳 互聯網
馬新 互联网、网际网络
互聯網（英語：Internet）是指20世紀末期興起電腦網路與電腦網路之間所串連成的龐大網路系統。這 些網路以一些標準的網路协议相連。它是由從地方到全球範圍內幾百萬個私人、學術界、企業和政府的網路所構成 ，透過電子，無線和光纖網絡技術等等一系列廣泛的技術聯繫在一起。互聯網承載範圍廣泛的信息資源和服務，例 如相互關聯的超文本文件，还有萬維網（WWW）的應用，電子郵件，通話，以及文件共享服務。

網際網路的起源可以追溯到1960年代美國聯邦政府委託進行的一項研究，目的是建立容錯與電腦 網路的通信[1]。網際網路的前身ARPANET最初在1980年代作為區域學術和軍事網路連接的骨幹。1980年代，NS FNET成為新的骨幹而得到資助，以及其他商業化擴展得到了私人資助，導致了全世界网络技術的發展，以及許 多網路的合併[2]。到1990年代初，商業網路和企業之間的連接標誌著向現代網際網路的過渡[3]。儘管網際網路在1980年代被學術界廣泛使用，但商業化的服務和技術融入了現代每個人的生活 。


目录
1 词汇区别
2 历史
3 連接技術
4 架構
5 服務
5.1 全球資訊網
5.2 通訊
5.3 檔案傳輸
6 互联网安全
6.1 惡意軟體
6.2 監控
6.3 网络内容审查
7 普及率
8 参考文献
8.1 引用
8.2 来源
9 外部链接
10 参见
词汇区别
互联网並不等同万维网，互联网是指凡是能彼此通信的设备组成的网络就叫互联网，指利用TCP/IP通讯协定所建立的各种网络，是国际上最大的互联网，也称“国际互联网”。万维网是一个由许多互相链接的 超文本组成的系统，通过互联网访问。在此定义下，万维网是互联网的一项服务。不过多数民众并不区分两者，常 常混用。

历史
主条目：互联网的历史
在20世紀50年代，通信研究者认识到需要允许在不同计算机用户和通信网络之间进行常规的通信。这促使了分 散网络、排队论和封包交換的研究。1960年，美国国防部高等研究计划署（ARPA）出于冷战考虑建立的A RPANET引发了技术进步并使其成为互联网发展的中心。ARPANET的發展始於兩個網路節點，由倫納德 ·克萊因羅克帶領的加利福尼亞大學洛杉磯分校的網路測量中心與加利福尼亞州門羅帕克斯坦福國際研究院（SR I）道格拉斯·恩格爾巴特的NLS系統兩個節點之間連接。第三個節點是加利福尼亞大學聖塔芭芭拉分校，第四 個節點是犹他大学。到1971年底，已經有15個節點連接到ARPANET[4][5]。1973年6月，挪威地震陣列所（NORSAR）連接到ARPANET成為美國本土之外的第 一個網路節點[6][7][8]。

1974年，罗伯特·卡恩和文頓·瑟夫提出TCP/IP，定义了在电脑网络之间传送报文的方法（他們在2004年也因此獲得图灵奖[9][10]）。1986年，美国国家科学基金会建立了超級電腦中心與學術機構之间互联基於TCP/IP技術的骨干网络NSFNET，速度由最初的56kbit/s，接著為T1（1.5Mbit/s），最後發展至T3（45Mbit/s）[11]。商業互聯網服務提供商（ISP）出現於1980年代末和1990年代初。ARPANET於1990年退役 。


NSFNET T3骨幹網，1992年
互聯網於1980年代中後期在歐洲和澳洲迅速擴張[12][13]，並於1980年代後期和1990年代初期擴展至亞洲[14]。1989年中，MCI Mail和CompuServe與網際網路建立了連接，並且向50萬大眾提供了電子郵件服務[15]。1990年3月，康奈爾大學和歐洲核子研究中心（CERN）之間架設了NSFNET和歐洲之間的第一條高 速T1（1.5Mbit/s）連接[16]。六個月後，蒂姆·伯纳斯-李編寫了第一個網頁瀏覽器[17]。到1990年聖誕節，蒂姆·伯纳斯-李建立了運行万维网所需的所有工具：超文本傳輸協定（HTTP）[18]、超文本標記語言（HTML）、第一個網頁瀏覽器、第一個網頁伺服器[19]和第一個網站[20]。到1995年，NSFNET退役時，互聯網在美國已完全商業化，從而解除了最後的商業流量限 制[21]。

網際網路的成功，可從“Internet”这个术语的大、小寫分化窺知一二。最初，互联网一詞代表那些使用 IP協定架設而成的網路，而今天，它已引申泛指各種類型的網路，不再侷限於IP網路。於是以小寫的互联网（ internet，開頭的「i」是小寫字母）為任何分離的實體網路之集合，這些網路以一組通用的協定相連， 形成邏輯上的單一網路。而大寫的互联网（Internet，開頭的「I」是大寫字母）專指前身為ARPAN ET，後使用IP協定將各種實體網路連結成此單一邏輯網路。大寫的互聯網是小寫互聯網的其中一種形式，反過 來卻不然。[22]2002年起，有学者开始提议将“internet”一词用小写表示，理由是互联网已经成为人类生活的一部 分，失去了专有的意义[23]；2016年，美联社认为“互联网”已和“电话”一样成为一件一般的事物，不具有专属商标的意义，于是开始 在其格式手册中规定“internet”和“web”一词全部小写，纽约时报也随后跟进，[24][25]但同时亦有媒体提出不同意见[26]。

連接技術

21世紀家用光纖數據機
任何需要使用網際網路的计算机必须通过某种方式与網際網路进行连接。網際網路接入技术的发展非常迅速，带宽 由最初的14.4Kbps发展到目前的100Mbps甚至1Gbps带宽，接入方式也由过去单一的电话拨号 方式，发展成现在多样的有线和无线接入方式，接入终端也開始朝向移动设备发展。并且更新更快的接入方式仍在 继续地被研究和开发。

架構
網際網路协议套組
應用層
BGPDHCPDNSFTPHTTPHTTPSIMAPLDAPMGCPMQTTNNTPNTPPOPON C/RPCRTPRTSPRIPSIPSMTPSNMPSSHTelnetXMPP更多...
傳輸層
TCPUDPTLS／SSLDCCPSCTPRSVP更多...
網路層
IP IPv4IPv6ICMPICMPv6ECNIGMPOSPFIPsec更多...
連結層
ARPNDPTunnels L2TPPPPMAC EthernetDSLISDNFDDI更多...
查论编
最底层的是網際網路協定，是用于报文交换网络的一种面向数据的协议，这一协议定义了数据包在网际传送时的格 式。目前使用最多的是IPv4版本，这一版本中用32位定义IP地址，尽管地址总数达到43亿，但是仍然不 能满足现今全球网络飞速发展的需求，因此IPv6版本应运而生。在IPv6版本中，IP地址共有128位， “几乎可以为地球上每一粒沙子分配一个IPv6地址”。IPv6目前并没有普及，许多網際網路服务提供商并 不支持IPv6协议的连接。但是，可以预见，将来在IPv6的帮助下，任何家用电器都有可能连 入網際網路。

中间层是UDP协议和TCP协议，它们用于控制数据流的传输。UDP是一种不可靠的数据流传输协议，仅为网 络层和应用层之间提供简单的接口。而TCP协议则具有高的可靠性，通过为数据报加入额外信息，并提供重发机 制，它能够保证数据不丢包、没有冗余包以及保证数据包的顺序。对于一些需要高可靠性的应用，可以选择TCP 协议；而相反，对于性能优先考虑的应用如流媒体等，则可以选择UDP协议。

最顶层的是一些应用层协议，这些协议定义了一些用于通用应用的数据报结构，包括FTP及HTT P等。

服務
網際網路承載著眾多應用程序和服務，包括全球資訊網、社群媒體、電子郵件、行動應用程式、多人電子遊戲、網 際網路通話、檔案分享和串流媒體服務等。提供這些服務的大多數伺服器託管於資料中心，並且透過高效能的內容 傳遞網路存取。

全球資訊網

CERN的提姆·柏內茲-李使用的NeXT工作站成了世界上第一台網頁伺服器，並運行了世界上第一個網頁瀏覽器
全球資訊網是文件、圖片、多媒體和其他資源的全球集合，在邏輯上透過超連結互相連接，並使用統一資源標誌符 標識，統一資源標誌符提供了一個全球命名標識系統，象徵性地標識服務、網頁伺服器、資料庫以及提供的文件和 資源。超文本傳輸協議（HTTP）是全球資訊網的主要存取協議，全球資訊網的服務使用HTTP在軟體系統之 間進行通訊和資料傳輸[27]。

全球資訊網瀏覽器軟體，例如︰微軟的Internet Explorer╱Edge、Mozilla Firefox、Opera、蘋果公司的Safari和Google Chrome，能讓使用者透過嵌入文件的超連結在網頁與另一網頁之間導覽，這些文件包括圖形、音效、文字、 影片、多媒體和互動式內容。除了瀏覽器軟體之外，全球資訊網的客戶端軟體還可以包括動畫，遊戲，辦公應用程 序和科學展示。客戶端軟體透過使用如Yahoo、Bing和Google等搜尋引擎進行關鍵字搜尋資料，相 較於印刷媒體、書籍、百科全書和傳統圖書館，更容易和即時存取大量多樣的資訊，全球資訊網對於網際網路的普 及發揮了重要的作用[28]。

通訊
電子郵件是網際網路上重要的通訊服務。這項類似於郵寄信件或備忘錄的方式發送電子文字訊息的概念已早於網際 網路的誕生之前[29][30]。圖片、文件和其他資料以電子郵件附件的形式發送。電子郵件可以發送多個電子郵件地址。

檔案傳輸
檔案分享是網際網路傳輸大量數據的一個例子，透過上傳至網站或檔案傳輸協定（FTP）伺服器上以供他人下載 。除此之外，也可以置於共享位置或檔案伺服器供其他人使用。

互联网安全
经过多年的发展，互联网已经在社会的各个层面为全人类提供了便利。但是随之而来的不全是正面的影响，並影響 著人们的正常生活。

惡意軟體
惡意軟體是透過互聯網使用和散發的軟件，包括在人為協助下複製的電腦病毒，自我複製的電腦蠕蟲，阻斷服務攻 擊軟體，勒索軟件，殭屍網絡以及蒐集使用者活動和鍵入資訊的間諜軟件，通常這些行為足以構成網 路犯罪。

監控
参见：大规模监控和稜鏡计划
在美國，由美國國家安全局（NSA）為首自2007年起開始實施的最高機密等級電子監聽計劃，該計劃可監聽 美國本土以外的使用者、或任何與國外通訊的美國公民。參與此計划的前中情局（CIA）雇员斯诺登在2013 年5月將檔案複製後前往香港並將此計划公諸於世，然后於2013年6月6日，在英国《衛報》和美国《華盛頓 郵報》公開[31]。

网络内容审查

互联网审查和监视世界地图
普遍存在网络审查
有基本的网络审查
有部分网络审查
多变的情况
少或没有网络审查
极少数据或无数据
主条目：网络内容审查
参见：中国网络审查和防火长城
网络内容审查是一种对网络承载的内容进行审查，并对部分内容进行过滤、删除、关闭等行为，内容审查通常伴随 对相关人员与组织的行政处理。网络审查主要针对危害国家安全、侵犯版权与个人隐私、通过网络进行违法活动以 及对不道德的行为进行宣传和教唆等行为。许多国家都有相关立法，并且在政府设有相关部门进行监控和管理。然 而对网络内容的审查在一定程度上限制了言论的自由，在何种程度上、采取何种手段进行网络审查一直是争议的话 题。

在某些国家，如中华人民共和国、沙特阿拉伯政府认为部分敏感信息（政治、宗教等）不能散布到国内民众中，所 以这些国家政府利用信息技术过滤、封锁了一些包含敏感信息的国内、国外网站，以防止民众访问到 这些网站[32]。个别国家，如朝鲜，则完全禁止普通民众访问境外网站，民众只能访问由政府开设的國家區域網路[33]。

普及率

東亞及中國各地區歷年來的網路擴散 1995-2012
截至2019年3月，全球約有43億網民，互聯網普及率是56%。 [34] [35]

截至2011年，互联网普及率最高的國家或城市為冰島（97.8%）；第二至第五位分別是挪威（97.2% ）、瑞典（92.9%），福克兰群岛（92.4%）及盧森堡（91.4%）。[36]

2006年時，經濟合作發展組織调查显示截至2005年底，宽带上網（Broadband）普及率的前五名 分別為冰島（26.7%）、韩国（25.4%）、荷蘭（25.3%）、丹麥（25.0%），以及瑞士（23 .1%）。而美國在所有工業化國家中排名第12。

根据中国互联网络信息中心在2019年2月发表的《第43次中国互联网络发展状况统计报告》，截至2018 年12月，中国的网民数量达8.29亿人，为世界首位，互联网普及率达到59.6%，高于世界平均水平，但 仍远落后于互联网发达国家。[37]

参考文献
引用
"IPTO – Information Processing Techniques Office", The Living Internet, Bill Stewart (ed), January 2000.
"Internet History – One Page Summary", The Living Internet, Bill Stewart (ed), January 2000.
"So, who really did invent the Internet?" 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期3 September 2011., Ian Peter, The Internet History Project, 2004. Retrieved 27 June 2014.
Hafner, Katie. Where Wizards Stay Up Late: The Origins Of The Internet. Simon & Schuster. 1998. ISBN 978-0-684-83267-8.
Hauben, Ronda. From the ARPANET to the Internet. 2001 [28 May 2009]. （原始内容存档于21 July 2009）. 已忽略未知参数|url-status= (帮助)
NORSAR and the Internet. NORSAR. （原始内容存档于21 January 2013）. 已忽略未知参数|url-status= (帮助)
"#3 1982: the ARPANET community grows" in 40 maps that explain the internet 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期6 March 2017., Timothy B. Lee, Vox Conversations, 2 June 2014. Retrieved 27 June 2014.
Kirstein, Peter T. Early experiences with the ARPANET and Internet in the UK. Department of Computer Science, Systems and Networks Research Group, University College London. [13 April 2016]; Cade Metz. How the Queen of England Beat Everyone to the Internet. Wired Magazine. 25 December 2012 [27 June 2014]. （原始内容存档于19 July 2014）. 已忽略未知参数|url-status= (帮助)
Vinton (“Vint”) Gray Cerf. ACM. 2005-02-16 [2013-12-07].
Robert (“Bob”) Elliot Kahn. ACM. 2005-02-16 [2013-12-07].
NSFNET: A Partnership for High-Speed Networking, Final Report 1987–1995, Karen D. Frazer, Merit Network, Inc., 1995
Ben Segal. A Short History of Internet Protocols at CERN. 1995.
Réseaux IP Européens (RIPE)
Internet History in Asia. 16th APAN Meetings/Advanced Network Conference in Busan. [25 December 2005]. （原始内容存档于1 February 2006）. 已忽略未知参数|url-status= (帮助)
Inc, InfoWorld Media Group. InfoWorld. InfoWorld Media Group, Inc. 25 September 1989. （原始内容存档于29 January 2017） –通过Google Books. 已忽略未知参数|url-status= (帮助)
Ftp.cuhk.edu.hk
Berners-Lee, Tim. The WorldWideWeb browser. World Wide Web Consortium. [2010-07-23].
Berners-Lee, Tim. The Original HTTP as defined in 1991. W3C.org. （原始内容存档于5 June 1997）. 已忽略未知参数|url-status= (帮助); 已忽略未知参数|df= (帮助)
The website of the world's first-ever web server. info.cern.ch. （原始内容存档于5 January 2010）. 已忽略未知参数|url-status= (帮助)
Tim Berners-Lee. Confirming The Exact Location Where the Web Was Invented.
Harris, Susan R.; Gerich, Elise. Retiring the NSFNET Backbone Service: Chronicling the End of an Era. ConneXions. April 1996, 10 (4). （原始内容存档于17 August 2013）. 已忽略未知参数|url-status= (帮助)
L Parziale. TCP/IP tutorial and technical overview (IBM Redbooks). 2006: pg3, 13. 缺少或|title=为空 (帮助)
Who Owns the Internet? You and i Do. New York Times. 2002-12-29 [2016-07-19].
The Associated Press style guide will no longer capitalize 'internet'. The Verge. 2016-04-02 [2016-07-19].
Bulletin! The 'Internet' Is About to Get Smaller. New York Times. 2016-05-24 [2016-07-19].
The AP Stylebook Will No Longer Capitalize Internet. What a Shame.. Slate. 2016-04-03 [2016-07-19].
The Difference Between the Internet and the World Wide Web. Webopedia.com. QuinStreet Inc. 2010-06-24 [2014-05-01]. （原始内容存档于2 May 2014）. 已忽略未知参数|url-status= (帮助)
Internet legal definition of Internet. West's Encyclopedia of American Law, edition 2. Free Online Law Dictionary. 2009-07-15 [2008-11-25].
Ron Brown, Fax invades the mail market, New Scientist 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期2016-05-09., Vol. 56, No. 817 (Oct., 26, 1972), pp. 218–21.
Herbert P. Luckett, What's News: Electronic-mail delivery gets started, Popular Science 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期2016-04-30., Vol. 202, No. 3 (March 1973); page 85
Greenwald, Glenn; Ewen MacAskill. Edward Snowden: the whistleblower behind revelations of NSA surveillance. The Guardian (Hong Kong: Guardian Media Group). 9 June 2013 [9 June 2013].
Behind China's internet Red Firewall
2013年07月1日16:11 来源：搜狐网 作者：孙兴杰. 孙兴杰：朝鲜平板电脑 不能上网可看金日成电影. Star.news.sohu.com. 2013-01-02 [2013-12-07].
Internet Growth Stats 1995-2019. Internetworldstats.com. [2019-04-25].
Internet Wotld Stats. Internetworldstats.com. [2019-04-25].
TOP 50 COUNTRIES WITH THE HIGHEST INTERNET PENETRATION RATE. Internetworldstats.com. [2013-12-07].
中国互联网络发展状况统计报告 (PDF). 2019-02 [2019-04-25].
来源
书籍
网络化生存，乔岗，中国城市出版社，1997年，ISBN 978-7-5074-0930-7
Richard J. Smith, Mark Gibbs, Paul McFedries 著，毛伟、张文涛 译，Internet漫游指南，人民邮电出版社，1998年. ISBN 978-7-115-06663-3
世界是平的，湯馬斯·佛里曼 著，2005年出版. ISBN 978-986-80180-9-9
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Shut the fuck up loser.

[Astray]

Would you sit by a Chinese on a flight?

Alright, someone get gramps back on his medicine.

[Parkbandit]

Fallen isn't that old... he is just retarded and sensitive.

[Murrandii]

Coronavirus de Wuhan
2019-nCoV


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Cet article concerne un événement récent ou en cours.
Ces informations peuvent manquer de recul, ne pas prendre en compte des développements récents ou changer à mesure que l’événement progresse. Le titre lui-même peut être provisoire. N’hésitez pas à l’améliorer en veillant à citer vos sources.
La dernière modification de cette page a été faite le 28 janvier 2020 à 15:50.
2019-nCoV

Virions d'un Betacoronavirus, SARS-CoV, vus par microscopie électronique à balayage
Classification
Type
Virus
Domaine
Riboviria
Embranchement
Negarnaviricota
Ordre
Nidovirales
Sous-ordre
Cornidovirineae
Famille
Coronaviridae
Sous-famille
Orthocoronaviridae
Genre
Betacoronavirus
Sous-genre
Sarbecovirus
Espèce
2019-nCoV a
OMS1, CDC2
Le coronavirus de Wuhan (chinois simplifié : 武汉冠状病毒 ; chinois traditionnel : 武漢冠狀病毒), désigné internationalement sous le terme novel Coronavirus abrégé 2019-nCoV3,4, parfois appelé virus de la pneumonie du marché aux fruits de mer de Wuhan5, est le coronavirus à l'origine de l’épidémie de pneumonie de Wuhan. Il a été signalé pour la première fois dans la ville de Wuhan (province de Hubei), d'où son nom. Apparenté au coronavirus du SRAS, il appartient au sous-genre des Sarbecovirus6.
Son génome, constitué d'un ARN simple-brin de 29903 nucléotides, a été séquencé pour la première fois le 5 janvier 2020 par une équipe de l'université Fudan de Shanghai (Chine)7,8,9.
L'archive de prépublications bioRxiv, ainsi que divers forums de chercheurs, permettent une diffusion rapide — mais non formellement validée par les pairs — de l'information scientifique concernant 2019-nCoV10. Les premiers articles scientifiques validés par les pairs sont publiés le 24 janvier 202011,12.
Depuis le 21 janvier 2020, l'Organisation Mondiale de la Santé tient à jour un bilan quotidien de la situation au niveau mondial (en anglais)13, et une « foire aux questions » sur le nouveau virus (en français)14. L'Université Johns Hopkins met à disposition une carte de l'épidémie actualisée en temps réel15.

Sommaire
1
Symptômes chez l'homme
2
Taxonomie et Phylogénie; origine du virus
3
Épidémiologie; dispersion du virus
4
Biologie moléculaire; fonctionnement du virus
5
Traitement
6
Notes et références
7
Voir aussi
7.1
Articles connexes
7.2
Liens externes
Symptômes chez l'homme[modifier | modifier le code]
Les maladies que provoquent les coronavirus peuvent aller du rhume (ils en sont la seconde cause aux États-Unis16) à des maladies plus graves telles que le syndrome respiratoire aigu sévère (SRAS, épidémie en 2003) et le syndrome respiratoire du Moyen-Orient (MERS, épidémie en 2012). Seuls six coronavirus (229E, NL63, OC43, HKU1, MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV) étaient auparavant connus pour infecter des humains ; 2019-nCoV serait donc le septième.
Une première description scientifiquement éprouvée de la pathologie et de l'épidémiologie de 2019-nCoV a été publiée le 24 janvier 2020 par un consortium de médecins de Wuhan et de Beijing12.
Les symptômes rapportés qui ressemblent grossièrement à ceux de la grippe saisonnière incluent la fièvre, la fatigue, une toux sèche, un manque de souffle, des difficultés à respirer17, la pneumonie, une insuffisance rénale, et le décès dans les cas sévères18,19. Aux alentours de 3%13, la létalité reste faible en comparaison avec celle du SARS-CoV par exemple.
La majorité des patients hospitalisés présentent des signes vitaux stables lors de leur admission, ainsi qu'un manque de globules blancs, spécifiquement un manque de lymphocytes17. Toutefois, un quart des patients diagnostiqués avaient des symptômes sévères. Une étude sur les 41 premiers patients hospitalisés avec un diagnostic confirmé du virus à Wuhan a relevé qu'une majorité de ceux-ci étaient en bonne santé avant leur infection, un tiers ayant été concerné par des problèmes de santé préalables. Les trois quarts des patients toussaient, un peu plus de la moitié ressentait une gêne respiratoire, et un tiers avait des difficultés respiratoires sévères nécessitant des soins intensifs20,21. Le 23 janvier 2020, l'OMS déclare que la plupart des patients décédés avaient un système immunitaire affaibli dû à des problèmes de santé tels que l'hypertension, le diabète ou une maladie cardiovasculaire22.
Taxonomie et Phylogénie; origine du virus[modifier | modifier le code]
Le virus 2019-nCoV appartient au genre Betacoronavirus, dans la famille Coronaviridae.
Dix-huit génomes ont été isolés et signalés23, notamment BetaCoV / Wuhan / IVDC-HB-01/2019, BetaCoV / Wuhan / IVDC-HB-04/2020, BetaCoV / Wuhan / IVDC-HB-05/2019, BetaCoV / Wuhan / WIV04 / 2019 et BetaCoV / Wuhan / IPBCAMS-WH-01/2019 du CDC chinois (en), de l'Institut de biologie des agents pathogènes et de l'hôpital Wuhan Jinyintan24,25. Les séquences de 2019-nCoV présentent des similitudes avec les bétacoronavirus trouvés chez les chauves-souris26,27. 2019-nCoV est génétiquement distinct des autres coronavirus humains tels que ceux liés au SRAS28 et au MERS26; toutefois proche du SARS-CoV, il fait partie comme lui du sous-genre Sarbecovirus29,30,31.
Une analyse phylogénétique et génomique publiée le 22 janvier 2020 excluait quasiment une descendance directe de 2019-nCoV à partir de SARS-CoV28: selon ses auteurs un événement de recombinaison homologue pourrait avoir mélangé un bétacoronavirus de « clade A » (virus de type Bat SARS CoVZC45 et CoVZXC21) avec un bétacoronavirus encore inconnu. Cette étude suggère par ailleurs, en examinant la fréquence d'usage des codons, qu'un serpent de la région de Wuhan serait le « réservoir d'animaux sauvages le plus probable » pour 2019-nCOV (bien qu'aucun coronavirus ne soit connu dans les animaux à sang froid), ce qui a été repris par la presse32; cette dernière interprétation a toutefois été remise en cause le jour même, et l'origine « serpent » écartée33,34. L'hypothèse d'une recombinaison a quant à elle été écartée elle aussi quelques jours plus tard par une équipe grecque35.
Épidémiologie; dispersion du virus[modifier | modifier le code]
Le marché en gros de fruits de mer de Wuhan (en), près de la gare de Hankou, a été identifié comme la source initiale de l'épidémie dans la première annonce officielle par les autorités de Wuhan, le 31 décembre 201936. Les premiers symptômes attribuables a posteriori à 2019-nCoV sont toutefois apparus dès le 1er décembre 2019 chez un patient qui n'avait pas fréquenté ce marché12, de même qu'un tiers des 41 cas signalés à Wuhan en décembre 2019. Le marché a été fermé au lendemain de l'alerte, le 1er janvier 2020.
Dans les premières semaines de l'épidémie de 2019-2020, le virus s'est propagé par l'intermédiaire de voyageurs vers différents pays d'Asie37,38,39, le 21 janvier en Amérique du Nord40 et, le 24 janvier, en Australie41 et en Europe (3 cas confirmés en France sur des patients ayant récemment voyagé en Chine42). Il y a eu 107 décès, principalement dans la province du Hubei, et plus de plus de 4400 cas confirmés15. Les scientifiques du Centre d'analyse des maladies infectieuses mondiales du Medical Research Council de l'Imperial College de Londres estiment que jusqu'à 4 000 personnes sont infectées par 2019-nCoV dans la ville de Wuhan43.
Le 20 janvier 2020, la transmission interhumaine a été confirmée dans le Guangdong, en Chine, selon Zhong Nanshan, chef de l'équipe de la commission de la santé enquêtant sur l'épidémie44. La première description scientifiquement détaillée d'une transmission interhumaine au sein d'une famille a été publiée par une équipe de médecins de Hong-Kong et de Shenzen le 24 janvier 201911.
Le taux de reproduction (Ro) préliminaire de 2019-nCoV, c’est-à-dire le nombre moyen de personnes infectées par un patient, a été estimé entre 1,4 et 2,5 par l'OMS le 23 janvier 202045. Il serait comparable à celui de SRAS-CoV et de la grippe de 1918, compris entre 1,4 et 3,846.
Le temps d'Incubation de 2019-nCoV est estimé entre 2 et 14 jours47, la durée de vie du virus hors organisme est quant à elle estimée entre 3 heures (en milieu sec) et 3 jours (en milieu humide), excluant la possibilité de contamination par colis, qui dans les cas les plus rapides, parcourent la distance Chine–États-Unis en 4 jours48.
Biologie moléculaire; fonctionnement du virus[modifier | modifier le code]
Le nouveau génome a conduit à plusieurs expériences de modélisation de protéines sur la protéine de liaison aux récepteurs (RBD) de la protéine nCoV spike (S). Au 23 janvier 2020, deux groupes chinois pensent que la protéine S conserve une affinité suffisante avec le récepteur du SRAS (enzyme de conversion de l'angiotensine 2, ACE2) pour l'utiliser comme mécanisme d'entrée cellulaire49; l'identification de ACE2 comme récepteur cellulaire est également décrite par deux autres groupes de chercheurs26,50.
Traitement[modifier | modifier le code]
2019-nCoV est de nature virale. Les antibiotiques et les bactériophagiques sont donc inadaptés : ils ne traitent que les pathologies bactériennes.
Aucun traitement spécifique n'est actuellement disponible, mais des antiviraux existants pourrait être repositionnés51.
Les traitements reçus par les patients concernent donc essentiellement les symptômes, afin de favoriser leur guérison spontanée15.
À plus long terme, plusieurs équipes internationales travaillent à la mise au point ou à l'adaptation d'un vaccin52.
Notes et références[modifier | modifier le code]
(en) Cet article est partiellement ou en totalité issu de l’article de Wikipédia en anglais intitulé « Novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) » (voir la liste des auteurs).
↑ La notation nCoV fait référence à Novel Coronavirus, qui est la dénomination provisoire standard pour tous les nouveaux coronavirus en attente de classification taxonomique pouvant infliger la mort, établie.
↑ (en) « Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) » [archive], sur https://www.who.int/ [archive], OMS (consulté le 25 janvier 2020).
↑ (en) « 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV), Wuhan, China » [archive], sur https://www.cdc.gov/ [archive], CDC (consulté le 25 janvier 2020).
↑ « Surveillance case definitions for human infection with novel coronavirus (nCoV) » [archive], who.int (consulté le 21 janvier 2020).
↑ « Novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), Wuhan, China » [archive], cdc.gov, cdc.gov, 10 janvier 2020 (consulté le 16 janvier 2020).
↑ (en) « Wuhan seafood market pneumonia virus » [archive], sur NCBI (consulté le 23 janvier 2020).
↑ (en) « Phylogeny of SARS-like betacoronaviruses including novel coronavirus from Wuhan using data generated by the Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center & School of Public Health, the National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, the Institute of Pathogen Biology, and the Wuhan Institute of Virology shared via GISAID » [archive], sur https://nextstrain.org/ [archive], 16 janvier 2020 (consulté le 25 janvier 2020).
↑ « New-type coronavirus causes pneumonia in Wuhan: expert – Xinhua | English.news.cn » [archive] (consulté le 9 janvier 2020).
↑ « CoV2020 » [archive], platform.gisaid.org (consulté le 12 janvier 2020).
↑ (en) Wu, F. et al., « Wuhan seafood market pneumonia virus isolate Wuhan-Hu-1, complete genome » [archive], sur GenBank, 23 janvier 2020 (consulté le 23 janvier 2020).
↑ (en) « 2019-nCoV in bioRxiv » [archive], sur bioRxiv (consulté le 27 janvier 2020)
↑
Revenir plus haut en :
a et b (en) Jasper Fuk-Woo Chan, Shuofeng Yuan, Kin-Hang Kok et Kelvin Kai-Wang To, « A familial cluster of pneumonia associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus indicating person-to-person transmission: a study of a family cluster », The Lancet,‎ janvier 2020, S0140673620301549 (DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30154-9, lire en ligne [archive], consulté le 27 janvier 2020)
↑
Revenir plus haut en :
a b et c (en) Chaolin Huang, Yeming Wang, Xingwang Li et Lili Ren, « Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China », The Lancet,‎ janvier 2020, S0140673620301835 (DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5, lire en ligne [archive], consulté le 27 janvier 2020)
↑
Revenir plus haut en :
a et b (en) « Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) situation reports » [archive], sur www.who.int (consulté le 27 janvier 2020)
↑ « Questions fréquentes sur les nouveaux ‎coronavirus » [archive], sur www.who.int (consulté le 27 janvier 2020)
↑
Revenir plus haut en :
a b et c (en-US) « Wuhan Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) global cases (by JHU CSSE) » [archive], sur Johns Hopkins University Center for Systems Science and Engineering (consulté le 27 janvier 2020)
↑ (en) Marie E. Killerby, Holly M. Biggs, Amber Haynes et Rebecca M. Dahl, « Human coronavirus circulation in the United States 2014–2017 », Journal of Clinical Virology, vol. 101,‎ avril 2018, p. 52–56 (DOI 10.1016/j.jcv.2018.01.019, lire en ligne [archive], consulté le 27 janvier 2020)
↑
Revenir plus haut en :
a et b (en) Hui DS, I Azhar E, Madani TA, Ntoumi F, Kock R,, Dar O, Ippolito G, Mchugh TD, Mchugh TD, Memish ZA et al., « The continuing 2019-nCoV epidemic threat of novel coronaviruses to global health – The latest 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak in Wuhan, China », International Journal of Infectious Diseases, vol. 91,‎ 14 janvier 2020, p. 264-266 (PMID 31953166, DOI 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.01.009, lire en ligne [archive], consulté le 26 janvier 2020)
↑ (en-CA) « Wuhan Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) » [archive], sur Ontario.ca, 25 janvier 2020 (consulté le 27 janvier 2020)
↑ « Experts explain the latest bulletin of unknown cause of viral pneumonia » [archive du 11 janvier 2020], sur Wuhan Municipal Health Commission, 11 janvier 2020 (consulté le 11 janvier 2020)
↑ « Coronavirus : ce que l'on sait des premiers patients touchés par l'épidémie » [archive], sur Franceinfo, 25 janvier 2020 (consulté le 27 janvier 2020)
↑ (en) Chaolin Huang, Yeming Wang, Xingwang Li et Lili Ren, « Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China », The Lancet,‎ janvier 2020, S0140673620301835 (DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5, lire en ligne [archive], consulté le 27 janvier 2020)
↑ « Déclaration du Directeur général de l’OMS sur les recommandations ‎du Comité d’urgence du RSI sur le ‎nouveau coronavirus » [archive], sur www.who.int, 23 janvier 2020 (consulté le 27 janvier 2020)
↑ Trevor Bedford and Richard Neher, « Genomic epidemiology of novel coronavirus (nCoV) using data generated by Fudan University, China CDC, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention and the Thai National Institute of Health shared via GISAID » [archive], nextstrain.org (consulté le 22 janvier 2020)
↑ « Initial genome release of novel coronavirus » [archive], Virological, 11 janvier 2020 (consulté le 12 janvier 2020)
↑ (en) Wu, F. et al., « Wuhan seafood market pneumonia virus isolate Wuhan-Hu-1, complete genome » [archive], sur GenBank, 23 janvier 2020 (consulté le 23 janvier 2020)
↑
Revenir plus haut en :
a b et c (en) Shi, ZL et al., « Discovery of a novel coronavirus associated with the recent pneumonia outbreak in humans and its potential bat origin », bioRxiv,‎ 23 janvier 2020 (lire en ligne [archive])
↑ (en) Benvenuto D. et al., « The 2019-new Coronavirus epidemic: evidence for virus evolution », bioRxiv.org,‎ 24 janvier 2020 (lire en ligne [archive])
↑
Revenir plus haut en :
a et b Ji, Wang, Zhao et Zai, « Homologous recombination within the spike glycoprotein of the newly identified coronavirus may boost cross‐species transmission from snake to human », Journal of Medical Virology,‎ 22 janvier 2020 (DOI 10.1002/jmv.25682)
↑ « Phylogeny of SARS-like betacoronaviruses » [archive], nextstrain (consulté le 18 janvier 2020)
↑ Hui DS, I Azhar E, Madani TA, Ntoumi F, Kock R, Dar O, Ippolito G, Mchugh TD, Memish ZA, Drosten C, Zumla A, Petersen E. The continuing 2019-nCoV epidemic threat of novel coronaviruses to global health – The latest 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak in Wuhan, China. Int J Infect Dis. 2020 Jan 14;91:264–266. PMID 31953166 [archive] DOI:10.1016/j.ijid.2020.01.009
↑ Antonio C. P. Wong, Xin Li, Susanna K. P. Lau, Patrick C. Y. Woo: Global Epidemiology of Bat Coronaviruses [archive], in: Viruses. 2019 Feb; 11(2): 174, doi:10.3390/v11020174
↑ CNN: Snakes could be the source of the Wuhan coronavirus outbreak [archive]
↑ (en-US) Robertson D.L., « nCoV's relationship to bat coronaviruses & recombination signals (no snakes) » [archive], sur Virological, 22 janvier 2020 (consulté le 24 janvier 2020)
↑ (en) Callaway E. et Cyranoski D., « Why snakes probably aren’t spreading the new China virus », Nature,‎ 23 janvier 2020 (ISSN 0028-0836 et 1476-4687, DOI 10.1038/d41586-020-00180-8, lire en ligne [archive], consulté le 27 janvier 2020)
↑ (en) Dimitrios Paraskevis, Evangelia Georgia Kostaki, Gkikas Magiorkinis et Georgios Panayiotakopoulos, « Full-genome evolutionary analysis of the novel corona virus (2019-nCoV) rejects the hypothesis of emergence as a result of a recent recombination event », bioRxiv, Microbiology,‎ 27 janvier 2020 (DOI 10.1101/2020.01.26.920249, lire en ligne [archive], consulté le 28 janvier 2020)
↑ (zh) « Notice d'information de la Commission municipale de la santé de Wuhan sur la situation actuelle de l'épidémie de pneumonie dans notre ville [en chinois] » [archive], sur http://wjw.wuhan.gov.cn/ [archive], 31 décembre 2019 (consulté le 28 janvier 2020)
↑ (en) « China coronavirus: Hong Kong scraps major Lunar New Year events » [archive], sur South China Morning Post, 23 janvier 2020 (consulté le 23 janvier 2020)
↑ (en) hermesauto, « Wuhan virus: Vietnam confirms 2 cases of Sars-like coronavirus » [archive], The Straits Times, 23 janvier 2020 (consulté le 23 janvier 2020)
↑ (en) hermesauto, « Singapore confirms first case of Wuhan virus » [archive], The Straits Times, 23 janvier 2020 (consulté le 23 janvier 2020)
↑ « New Virus Spreads to U.S., Sparking Rush to Contain Outbreak » [archive], sur www.bloomberg.com, 21 janvier 2020 (consulté le 23 janvier 2020)
↑ (en) Scott Morrison, « Update on Coronavirus pic.twitter.com/Ol8DRQtVQJ » [archive], sur @ScottMorrisonMP, 24 janvier 2020 (consulté le 25 janvier 2020)
↑ « Coronavirus : un troisième cas d’infection confirmé en France », Le Monde.fr,‎ 24 janvier 2020 (lire en ligne [archive], consulté le 24 janvier 2020)
↑ (en-GB) « Lockdowns rise as China tries to control virus », BBC News,‎ 23 janvier 2020 (lire en ligne [archive], consulté le 27 janvier 2020)
↑ (en) Associated Press, « China confirms human-to-human transmission of new coronavirus » [archive], sur CBC.ca, 20 janvier 2020 (consulté le 23 janvier 2020)
↑ (en) « Statement on the meeting of the International Health Regulations (2005) Emergency Committee regarding the outbreak of novel coronavirus 2019 (n-CoV) on 23 January 2020 » [archive], sur www.who.int (consulté le 26 janvier 2020)
↑ (en) Julien Riou et Christian L. Althaus, « Pattern of early human-to-human transmission of Wuhan 2019-nCoV », bioRxiv,‎ 24 janvier 2020, p. 2020.01.23.917351 (DOI 10.1101/2020.01.23.917351, lire en ligne [archive], consulté le 25 janvier 2020)
↑ (en-US) Roni Caryn Rabin, « What Is the Coronavirus? Symptoms, Treatment and Risks », The New York Times,‎ 21 janvier 2020 (ISSN 0362-4331, lire en ligne [archive], consulté le 27 janvier 2020)
↑ « VERIFY: Can you get Coronavirus from packages shipped from China? » [archive], sur wbir.com (consulté le 27 janvier 2020)
↑ (en) Xu, X. et al., « Evolution of the novel coronavirus from the ongoing Wuhan outbreak and modeling of its spike protein for risk of human transmission », SCIENCE CHINA Life Sciences,‎ 21 janvier 2020 (lire en ligne [archive])
↑ (en) Michael C. Letko et Vincent Munster, « Functional assessment of cell entry and receptor usage for lineage B β-coronaviruses, including 2019-nCoV », bioRxiv,‎ 22 janvier 2020 (DOI 10.1101/2020.01.22.915660, lire en ligne [archive], consulté le 23 janvier 2020)
↑ (en) « WHO says new China coronavirus could spread, warns hospitals worldwide », Reuters,‎ 14 janvier 2020 (lire en ligne [archive], consulté le 28 janvier 2020)
↑ « Coronavirus : « La France travaille à un vaccin » », La Croix,‎ 22 janvier 2020 (ISSN 0242-6056, lire en ligne [archive], consulté le 28 janvier 2020)
Voir aussi[modifier | modifier le code]
Articles connexes[modifier | modifier le code]
Épidémie du coronavirus de 2019-2020
Syndrome respiratoire aigu sévère (SRAS)
Syndrome respiratoire du Moyen-Orient (MERS)
Liens externes[modifier | modifier le code]
CDC chinois [archive] (Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention)
Institut de Biologie des Agents pathogènes [archive] (Institute of Pathogen Biology)
Carte de l'épidémie actualisée en temps réel [archive] par le Center for Systems Science and Engineering de la Johns Hopkins University de Baltimore1
Questions fréquentes sur les nouveaux ‎coronavirus [archive] et Rapports quotidiens de situation sur le nouveau Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) [en anglais] [archive] par l'Organisation Mondiale de la Santé
Portail de la virologie Portail de la médecine
↑ (en-US) Gardner L., « Mapping the Wuhan Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) » [archive], sur systems.jhu.edu, 23 janvier 2020 (consulté le 27 janvier 2020)
Catégories : Événement en coursCoronaviridaeVirus du groupe IV2019 en Chine2020 en Chine[+]


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[Methais]

Coronavirus de Wuhan
2019-nCoV


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Cet article concerne un événement récent ou en cours.
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La dernière modification de cette page a été faite le 28 janvier 2020 à 15:50.
2019-nCoV

Virions d'un Betacoronavirus, SARS-CoV, vus par microscopie électronique à balayage
Classification
Type
Virus
Domaine
Riboviria
Embranchement
Negarnaviricota
Ordre
Nidovirales
Sous-ordre
Cornidovirineae
Famille
Coronaviridae
Sous-famille
Orthocoronaviridae
Genre
Betacoronavirus
Sous-genre
Sarbecovirus
Espèce
2019-nCoV a
OMS1, CDC2
Le coronavirus de Wuhan (chinois simplifié : 武汉冠状病毒 ; chinois traditionnel : 武漢冠狀病毒), désigné internationalement sous le terme novel Coronavirus abrégé 2019-nCoV3,4, parfois appelé virus de la pneumonie du marché aux fruits de mer de Wuhan5, est le coronavirus à l'origine de l’épidémie de pneumonie de Wuhan. Il a été signalé pour la première fois dans la ville de Wuhan (province de Hubei), d'où son nom. Apparenté au coronavirus du SRAS, il appartient au sous-genre des Sarbecovirus6.
Son génome, constitué d'un ARN simple-brin de 29903 nucléotides, a été séquencé pour la première fois le 5 janvier 2020 par une équipe de l'université Fudan de Shanghai (Chine)7,8,9.
L'archive de prépublications bioRxiv, ainsi que divers forums de chercheurs, permettent une diffusion rapide — mais non formellement validée par les pairs — de l'information scientifique concernant 2019-nCoV10. Les premiers articles scientifiques validés par les pairs sont publiés le 24 janvier 202011,12.
Depuis le 21 janvier 2020, l'Organisation Mondiale de la Santé tient à jour un bilan quotidien de la situation au niveau mondial (en anglais)13, et une « foire aux questions » sur le nouveau virus (en français)14. L'Université Johns Hopkins met à disposition une carte de l'épidémie actualisée en temps réel15.

Sommaire
1
Symptômes chez l'homme
2
Taxonomie et Phylogénie; origine du virus
3
Épidémiologie; dispersion du virus
4
Biologie moléculaire; fonctionnement du virus
5
Traitement
6
Notes et références
7
Voir aussi
7.1
Articles connexes
7.2
Liens externes
Symptômes chez l'homme[modifier | modifier le code]
Les maladies que provoquent les coronavirus peuvent aller du rhume (ils en sont la seconde cause aux États-Unis16) à des maladies plus graves telles que le syndrome respiratoire aigu sévère (SRAS, épidémie en 2003) et le syndrome respiratoire du Moyen-Orient (MERS, épidémie en 2012). Seuls six coronavirus (229E, NL63, OC43, HKU1, MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV) étaient auparavant connus pour infecter des humains ; 2019-nCoV serait donc le septième.
Une première description scientifiquement éprouvée de la pathologie et de l'épidémiologie de 2019-nCoV a été publiée le 24 janvier 2020 par un consortium de médecins de Wuhan et de Beijing12.
Les symptômes rapportés qui ressemblent grossièrement à ceux de la grippe saisonnière incluent la fièvre, la fatigue, une toux sèche, un manque de souffle, des difficultés à respirer17, la pneumonie, une insuffisance rénale, et le décès dans les cas sévères18,19. Aux alentours de 3%13, la létalité reste faible en comparaison avec celle du SARS-CoV par exemple.
La majorité des patients hospitalisés présentent des signes vitaux stables lors de leur admission, ainsi qu'un manque de globules blancs, spécifiquement un manque de lymphocytes17. Toutefois, un quart des patients diagnostiqués avaient des symptômes sévères. Une étude sur les 41 premiers patients hospitalisés avec un diagnostic confirmé du virus à Wuhan a relevé qu'une majorité de ceux-ci étaient en bonne santé avant leur infection, un tiers ayant été concerné par des problèmes de santé préalables. Les trois quarts des patients toussaient, un peu plus de la moitié ressentait une gêne respiratoire, et un tiers avait des difficultés respiratoires sévères nécessitant des soins intensifs20,21. Le 23 janvier 2020, l'OMS déclare que la plupart des patients décédés avaient un système immunitaire affaibli dû à des problèmes de santé tels que l'hypertension, le diabète ou une maladie cardiovasculaire22.
Taxonomie et Phylogénie; origine du virus[modifier | modifier le code]
Le virus 2019-nCoV appartient au genre Betacoronavirus, dans la famille Coronaviridae.
Dix-huit génomes ont été isolés et signalés23, notamment BetaCoV / Wuhan / IVDC-HB-01/2019, BetaCoV / Wuhan / IVDC-HB-04/2020, BetaCoV / Wuhan / IVDC-HB-05/2019, BetaCoV / Wuhan / WIV04 / 2019 et BetaCoV / Wuhan / IPBCAMS-WH-01/2019 du CDC chinois (en), de l'Institut de biologie des agents pathogènes et de l'hôpital Wuhan Jinyintan24,25. Les séquences de 2019-nCoV présentent des similitudes avec les bétacoronavirus trouvés chez les chauves-souris26,27. 2019-nCoV est génétiquement distinct des autres coronavirus humains tels que ceux liés au SRAS28 et au MERS26; toutefois proche du SARS-CoV, il fait partie comme lui du sous-genre Sarbecovirus29,30,31.
Une analyse phylogénétique et génomique publiée le 22 janvier 2020 excluait quasiment une descendance directe de 2019-nCoV à partir de SARS-CoV28: selon ses auteurs un événement de recombinaison homologue pourrait avoir mélangé un bétacoronavirus de « clade A » (virus de type Bat SARS CoVZC45 et CoVZXC21) avec un bétacoronavirus encore inconnu. Cette étude suggère par ailleurs, en examinant la fréquence d'usage des codons, qu'un serpent de la région de Wuhan serait le « réservoir d'animaux sauvages le plus probable » pour 2019-nCOV (bien qu'aucun coronavirus ne soit connu dans les animaux à sang froid), ce qui a été repris par la presse32; cette dernière interprétation a toutefois été remise en cause le jour même, et l'origine « serpent » écartée33,34. L'hypothèse d'une recombinaison a quant à elle été écartée elle aussi quelques jours plus tard par une équipe grecque35.
Épidémiologie; dispersion du virus[modifier | modifier le code]
Le marché en gros de fruits de mer de Wuhan (en), près de la gare de Hankou, a été identifié comme la source initiale de l'épidémie dans la première annonce officielle par les autorités de Wuhan, le 31 décembre 201936. Les premiers symptômes attribuables a posteriori à 2019-nCoV sont toutefois apparus dès le 1er décembre 2019 chez un patient qui n'avait pas fréquenté ce marché12, de même qu'un tiers des 41 cas signalés à Wuhan en décembre 2019. Le marché a été fermé au lendemain de l'alerte, le 1er janvier 2020.
Dans les premières semaines de l'épidémie de 2019-2020, le virus s'est propagé par l'intermédiaire de voyageurs vers différents pays d'Asie37,38,39, le 21 janvier en Amérique du Nord40 et, le 24 janvier, en Australie41 et en Europe (3 cas confirmés en France sur des patients ayant récemment voyagé en Chine42). Il y a eu 107 décès, principalement dans la province du Hubei, et plus de plus de 4400 cas confirmés15. Les scientifiques du Centre d'analyse des maladies infectieuses mondiales du Medical Research Council de l'Imperial College de Londres estiment que jusqu'à 4 000 personnes sont infectées par 2019-nCoV dans la ville de Wuhan43.
Le 20 janvier 2020, la transmission interhumaine a été confirmée dans le Guangdong, en Chine, selon Zhong Nanshan, chef de l'équipe de la commission de la santé enquêtant sur l'épidémie44. La première description scientifiquement détaillée d'une transmission interhumaine au sein d'une famille a été publiée par une équipe de médecins de Hong-Kong et de Shenzen le 24 janvier 201911.
Le taux de reproduction (Ro) préliminaire de 2019-nCoV, c’est-à-dire le nombre moyen de personnes infectées par un patient, a été estimé entre 1,4 et 2,5 par l'OMS le 23 janvier 202045. Il serait comparable à celui de SRAS-CoV et de la grippe de 1918, compris entre 1,4 et 3,846.
Le temps d'Incubation de 2019-nCoV est estimé entre 2 et 14 jours47, la durée de vie du virus hors organisme est quant à elle estimée entre 3 heures (en milieu sec) et 3 jours (en milieu humide), excluant la possibilité de contamination par colis, qui dans les cas les plus rapides, parcourent la distance Chine–États-Unis en 4 jours48.
Biologie moléculaire; fonctionnement du virus[modifier | modifier le code]
Le nouveau génome a conduit à plusieurs expériences de modélisation de protéines sur la protéine de liaison aux récepteurs (RBD) de la protéine nCoV spike (S). Au 23 janvier 2020, deux groupes chinois pensent que la protéine S conserve une affinité suffisante avec le récepteur du SRAS (enzyme de conversion de l'angiotensine 2, ACE2) pour l'utiliser comme mécanisme d'entrée cellulaire49; l'identification de ACE2 comme récepteur cellulaire est également décrite par deux autres groupes de chercheurs26,50.
Traitement[modifier | modifier le code]
2019-nCoV est de nature virale. Les antibiotiques et les bactériophagiques sont donc inadaptés : ils ne traitent que les pathologies bactériennes.
Aucun traitement spécifique n'est actuellement disponible, mais des antiviraux existants pourrait être repositionnés51.
Les traitements reçus par les patients concernent donc essentiellement les symptômes, afin de favoriser leur guérison spontanée15.
À plus long terme, plusieurs équipes internationales travaillent à la mise au point ou à l'adaptation d'un vaccin52.
Notes et références[modifier | modifier le code]
(en) Cet article est partiellement ou en totalité issu de l’article de Wikipédia en anglais intitulé « Novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) » (voir la liste des auteurs).
↑ La notation nCoV fait référence à Novel Coronavirus, qui est la dénomination provisoire standard pour tous les nouveaux coronavirus en attente de classification taxonomique pouvant infliger la mort, établie.
↑ (en) « Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) » [archive], sur https://www.who.int/ [archive], OMS (consulté le 25 janvier 2020).
↑ (en) « 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV), Wuhan, China » [archive], sur https://www.cdc.gov/ [archive], CDC (consulté le 25 janvier 2020).
↑ « Surveillance case definitions for human infection with novel coronavirus (nCoV) » [archive], who.int (consulté le 21 janvier 2020).
↑ « Novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), Wuhan, China » [archive], cdc.gov, cdc.gov, 10 janvier 2020 (consulté le 16 janvier 2020).
↑ (en) « Wuhan seafood market pneumonia virus » [archive], sur NCBI (consulté le 23 janvier 2020).
↑ (en) « Phylogeny of SARS-like betacoronaviruses including novel coronavirus from Wuhan using data generated by the Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center & School of Public Health, the National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, the Institute of Pathogen Biology, and the Wuhan Institute of Virology shared via GISAID » [archive], sur https://nextstrain.org/ [archive], 16 janvier 2020 (consulté le 25 janvier 2020).
↑ « New-type coronavirus causes pneumonia in Wuhan: expert – Xinhua | English.news.cn » [archive] (consulté le 9 janvier 2020).
↑ « CoV2020 » [archive], platform.gisaid.org (consulté le 12 janvier 2020).
↑ (en) Wu, F. et al., « Wuhan seafood market pneumonia virus isolate Wuhan-Hu-1, complete genome » [archive], sur GenBank, 23 janvier 2020 (consulté le 23 janvier 2020).
↑ (en) « 2019-nCoV in bioRxiv » [archive], sur bioRxiv (consulté le 27 janvier 2020)
↑
Revenir plus haut en :
a et b (en) Jasper Fuk-Woo Chan, Shuofeng Yuan, Kin-Hang Kok et Kelvin Kai-Wang To, « A familial cluster of pneumonia associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus indicating person-to-person transmission: a study of a family cluster », The Lancet,‎ janvier 2020, S0140673620301549 (DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30154-9, lire en ligne [archive], consulté le 27 janvier 2020)
↑
Revenir plus haut en :
a b et c (en) Chaolin Huang, Yeming Wang, Xingwang Li et Lili Ren, « Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China », The Lancet,‎ janvier 2020, S0140673620301835 (DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5, lire en ligne [archive], consulté le 27 janvier 2020)
↑
Revenir plus haut en :
a et b (en) « Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) situation reports » [archive], sur www.who.int (consulté le 27 janvier 2020)
↑ « Questions fréquentes sur les nouveaux ‎coronavirus » [archive], sur www.who.int (consulté le 27 janvier 2020)
↑
Revenir plus haut en :
a b et c (en-US) « Wuhan Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) global cases (by JHU CSSE) » [archive], sur Johns Hopkins University Center for Systems Science and Engineering (consulté le 27 janvier 2020)
↑ (en) Marie E. Killerby, Holly M. Biggs, Amber Haynes et Rebecca M. Dahl, « Human coronavirus circulation in the United States 2014–2017 », Journal of Clinical Virology, vol. 101,‎ avril 2018, p. 52–56 (DOI 10.1016/j.jcv.2018.01.019, lire en ligne [archive], consulté le 27 janvier 2020)
↑
Revenir plus haut en :
a et b (en) Hui DS, I Azhar E, Madani TA, Ntoumi F, Kock R,, Dar O, Ippolito G, Mchugh TD, Mchugh TD, Memish ZA et al., « The continuing 2019-nCoV epidemic threat of novel coronaviruses to global health – The latest 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak in Wuhan, China », International Journal of Infectious Diseases, vol. 91,‎ 14 janvier 2020, p. 264-266 (PMID 31953166, DOI 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.01.009, lire en ligne [archive], consulté le 26 janvier 2020)
↑ (en-CA) « Wuhan Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) » [archive], sur Ontario.ca, 25 janvier 2020 (consulté le 27 janvier 2020)
↑ « Experts explain the latest bulletin of unknown cause of viral pneumonia » [archive du 11 janvier 2020], sur Wuhan Municipal Health Commission, 11 janvier 2020 (consulté le 11 janvier 2020)
↑ « Coronavirus : ce que l'on sait des premiers patients touchés par l'épidémie » [archive], sur Franceinfo, 25 janvier 2020 (consulté le 27 janvier 2020)
↑ (en) Chaolin Huang, Yeming Wang, Xingwang Li et Lili Ren, « Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China », The Lancet,‎ janvier 2020, S0140673620301835 (DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5, lire en ligne [archive], consulté le 27 janvier 2020)
↑ « Déclaration du Directeur général de l’OMS sur les recommandations ‎du Comité d’urgence du RSI sur le ‎nouveau coronavirus » [archive], sur www.who.int, 23 janvier 2020 (consulté le 27 janvier 2020)
↑ Trevor Bedford and Richard Neher, « Genomic epidemiology of novel coronavirus (nCoV) using data generated by Fudan University, China CDC, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention and the Thai National Institute of Health shared via GISAID » [archive], nextstrain.org (consulté le 22 janvier 2020)
↑ « Initial genome release of novel coronavirus » [archive], Virological, 11 janvier 2020 (consulté le 12 janvier 2020)
↑ (en) Wu, F. et al., « Wuhan seafood market pneumonia virus isolate Wuhan-Hu-1, complete genome » [archive], sur GenBank, 23 janvier 2020 (consulté le 23 janvier 2020)
↑
Revenir plus haut en :
a b et c (en) Shi, ZL et al., « Discovery of a novel coronavirus associated with the recent pneumonia outbreak in humans and its potential bat origin », bioRxiv,‎ 23 janvier 2020 (lire en ligne [archive])
↑ (en) Benvenuto D. et al., « The 2019-new Coronavirus epidemic: evidence for virus evolution », bioRxiv.org,‎ 24 janvier 2020 (lire en ligne [archive])
↑
Revenir plus haut en :
a et b Ji, Wang, Zhao et Zai, « Homologous recombination within the spike glycoprotein of the newly identified coronavirus may boost cross‐species transmission from snake to human », Journal of Medical Virology,‎ 22 janvier 2020 (DOI 10.1002/jmv.25682)
↑ « Phylogeny of SARS-like betacoronaviruses » [archive], nextstrain (consulté le 18 janvier 2020)
↑ Hui DS, I Azhar E, Madani TA, Ntoumi F, Kock R, Dar O, Ippolito G, Mchugh TD, Memish ZA, Drosten C, Zumla A, Petersen E. The continuing 2019-nCoV epidemic threat of novel coronaviruses to global health – The latest 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak in Wuhan, China. Int J Infect Dis. 2020 Jan 14;91:264–266. PMID 31953166 [archive] DOI:10.1016/j.ijid.2020.01.009
↑ Antonio C. P. Wong, Xin Li, Susanna K. P. Lau, Patrick C. Y. Woo: Global Epidemiology of Bat Coronaviruses [archive], in: Viruses. 2019 Feb; 11(2): 174, doi:10.3390/v11020174
↑ CNN: Snakes could be the source of the Wuhan coronavirus outbreak [archive]
↑ (en-US) Robertson D.L., « nCoV's relationship to bat coronaviruses & recombination signals (no snakes) » [archive], sur Virological, 22 janvier 2020 (consulté le 24 janvier 2020)
↑ (en) Callaway E. et Cyranoski D., « Why snakes probably aren’t spreading the new China virus », Nature,‎ 23 janvier 2020 (ISSN 0028-0836 et 1476-4687, DOI 10.1038/d41586-020-00180-8, lire en ligne [archive], consulté le 27 janvier 2020)
↑ (en) Dimitrios Paraskevis, Evangelia Georgia Kostaki, Gkikas Magiorkinis et Georgios Panayiotakopoulos, « Full-genome evolutionary analysis of the novel corona virus (2019-nCoV) rejects the hypothesis of emergence as a result of a recent recombination event », bioRxiv, Microbiology,‎ 27 janvier 2020 (DOI 10.1101/2020.01.26.920249, lire en ligne [archive], consulté le 28 janvier 2020)
↑ (zh) « Notice d'information de la Commission municipale de la santé de Wuhan sur la situation actuelle de l'épidémie de pneumonie dans notre ville [en chinois] » [archive], sur http://wjw.wuhan.gov.cn/ [archive], 31 décembre 2019 (consulté le 28 janvier 2020)
↑ (en) « China coronavirus: Hong Kong scraps major Lunar New Year events » [archive], sur South China Morning Post, 23 janvier 2020 (consulté le 23 janvier 2020)
↑ (en) hermesauto, « Wuhan virus: Vietnam confirms 2 cases of Sars-like coronavirus » [archive], The Straits Times, 23 janvier 2020 (consulté le 23 janvier 2020)
↑ (en) hermesauto, « Singapore confirms first case of Wuhan virus » [archive], The Straits Times, 23 janvier 2020 (consulté le 23 janvier 2020)
↑ « New Virus Spreads to U.S., Sparking Rush to Contain Outbreak » [archive], sur www.bloomberg.com, 21 janvier 2020 (consulté le 23 janvier 2020)
↑ (en) Scott Morrison, « Update on Coronavirus pic.twitter.com/Ol8DRQtVQJ » [archive], sur @ScottMorrisonMP, 24 janvier 2020 (consulté le 25 janvier 2020)
↑ « Coronavirus : un troisième cas d’infection confirmé en France », Le Monde.fr,‎ 24 janvier 2020 (lire en ligne [archive], consulté le 24 janvier 2020)
↑ (en-GB) « Lockdowns rise as China tries to control virus », BBC News,‎ 23 janvier 2020 (lire en ligne [archive], consulté le 27 janvier 2020)
↑ (en) Associated Press, « China confirms human-to-human transmission of new coronavirus » [archive], sur CBC.ca, 20 janvier 2020 (consulté le 23 janvier 2020)
↑ (en) « Statement on the meeting of the International Health Regulations (2005) Emergency Committee regarding the outbreak of novel coronavirus 2019 (n-CoV) on 23 January 2020 » [archive], sur www.who.int (consulté le 26 janvier 2020)
↑ (en) Julien Riou et Christian L. Althaus, « Pattern of early human-to-human transmission of Wuhan 2019-nCoV », bioRxiv,‎ 24 janvier 2020, p. 2020.01.23.917351 (DOI 10.1101/2020.01.23.917351, lire en ligne [archive], consulté le 25 janvier 2020)
↑ (en-US) Roni Caryn Rabin, « What Is the Coronavirus? Symptoms, Treatment and Risks », The New York Times,‎ 21 janvier 2020 (ISSN 0362-4331, lire en ligne [archive], consulté le 27 janvier 2020)
↑ « VERIFY: Can you get Coronavirus from packages shipped from China? » [archive], sur wbir.com (consulté le 27 janvier 2020)
↑ (en) Xu, X. et al., « Evolution of the novel coronavirus from the ongoing Wuhan outbreak and modeling of its spike protein for risk of human transmission », SCIENCE CHINA Life Sciences,‎ 21 janvier 2020 (lire en ligne [archive])
↑ (en) Michael C. Letko et Vincent Munster, « Functional assessment of cell entry and receptor usage for lineage B β-coronaviruses, including 2019-nCoV », bioRxiv,‎ 22 janvier 2020 (DOI 10.1101/2020.01.22.915660, lire en ligne [archive], consulté le 23 janvier 2020)
↑ (en) « WHO says new China coronavirus could spread, warns hospitals worldwide », Reuters,‎ 14 janvier 2020 (lire en ligne [archive], consulté le 28 janvier 2020)
↑ « Coronavirus : « La France travaille à un vaccin » », La Croix,‎ 22 janvier 2020 (ISSN 0242-6056, lire en ligne [archive], consulté le 28 janvier 2020)
Voir aussi[modifier | modifier le code]
Articles connexes[modifier | modifier le code]
Épidémie du coronavirus de 2019-2020
Syndrome respiratoire aigu sévère (SRAS)
Syndrome respiratoire du Moyen-Orient (MERS)
Liens externes[modifier | modifier le code]
CDC chinois [archive] (Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention)
Institut de Biologie des Agents pathogènes [archive] (Institute of Pathogen Biology)
Carte de l'épidémie actualisée en temps réel [archive] par le Center for Systems Science and Engineering de la Johns Hopkins University de Baltimore1
Questions fréquentes sur les nouveaux ‎coronavirus [archive] et Rapports quotidiens de situation sur le nouveau Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) [en anglais] [archive] par l'Organisation Mondiale de la Santé
Portail de la virologie Portail de la médecine
↑ (en-US) Gardner L., « Mapping the Wuhan Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) » [archive], sur systems.jhu.edu, 23 janvier 2020 (consulté le 27 janvier 2020)
Catégories : Événement en coursCoronaviridaeVirus du groupe IV2019 en Chine2020 en Chine[+]


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Umbrella Corporation
"Umbrella Corporation" and "Umbrella Corp." redirect here. For the spin-off video game in the series, see Umbrella Corps.
Umbrella Corporation
Umbrella Corporation logo.svg
"Our Business Is Life Itself"
The fictional slogan and symbol of Umbrella Corporation from the Resident Evil franchise
Type
Corporation and laboratory
Industry Pharmaceutical
Founded 1968
Founder Oswell E. Spencer
Headquarters Raccoon City, United States
Products
Computers
Pharmaceutical
Medical supplies
Consumer products
Genetic engineering
Urban Pacification Tools
Military grade hardware
Food products
Cosmetics
The Umbrella Corporation is an international pharmaceutical company in the Resident Evil universe. Founded in 1968 by prominent British royal descendants Oswell E. Spencer and Edward Ashford, along with Dr. James Marcus, it is portrayed in the series as a major international player in pharmaceutical goods and medical supplies, along with more clandestine operations utilizing genetic engineering. Their legitimate status is only a front for their secret research of "bio-organic weapons" (B.O.W.s), developed through the use of a unique virus discovered by the company founders.[3] The company is also presented as having a more public face, producing cosmetics, consumer products, and foods. Umbrella established multiple secret research facilities to help develop various bio-weapons. Its most prominent research facility is located in the Arklay Mountains, just outside Raccoon City, which was able to develop the "T-virus", a powerful mutagen that could dramatically alter living and recently dead organisms. The virus leaked and contaminated most of the Arklay Facility and its surrounding area, setting the stage for the first Resident Evil game. Following the destruction of Raccoon City, all of Umbrella's assets were frozen by the U.S. Government and its trading rights were revoked, effectively terminating its operations. However, it did not stop the rise of several bioterrorist organizations around the world, some of them making use of its research, leading to the foundation of B.S.A.A. In Resident Evil 7: Biohazard, it is revealed that Umbrella has been reinstated and seemingly reformed as a mercenary group.

Oswell E. Spencer
Voiced by: Adam D. Clark (RE5)
Motion capture: Adam D. Clark (RE5)
Oswell E. Spencer (オズウェル・E・スペンサー, Ozuweru E Supensā) is one of Resident Evil's most mysterious characters. In the series, he is the owner and co-founder of the Umbrella Corporation, a pharmaceutical drug company that secretly manufactures bio-organic weapons.[4] His colleagues, James Marcus and Edward Ashford, join his company, but they show more interest in studying the newly discovered Progenitor virus.[4] Eventually, Edward Ashford dies, and Spencer seizes control of the company and its research by sending his subordinates, Albert Wesker and William Birkin, to assassinate Marcus.[5][6] Spencer conducts some of his company’s research in the Arklay Research Facility, located in the Arklay Mountains. He hires George Trevor, a famous architect, to construct a mansion to conceal the facility.[7] Spencer's plans progress smoothly, until Marcus returns from the dead,[8] and begins to seek revenge with the help of his test subjects. Marcus destroys one of Spencer’s luxury trains, and causes a viral outbreak in the Arklay Research Facility.[9] The outbreak spreads throughout the region, sparking the events of Resident Evil Zero and the original Resident Evil. The virus subsequently spreads to Raccoon City during the events of Resident Evil 2 and Resident Evil 3: Nemesis, prompting the U.S. government to attempt to contain the outbreak by ordering the destruction of the city.[10] After the city's destruction, Spencer attempts to disguise the incident as a government conspiracy by hiring top lawyers and false witnesses. His actions prolong the legal proceedings, and allow the Umbrella Corporation to stay afloat for five more years. Ultimately, Wesker betrays Spencer by handing over secret documents to the U.S. government,[11] and seals Spencer's doom by personally testifying against him in court. Umbrella's business license is summarily suspended, and the U.S. government works swiftly to dismantle the remains of the organization.[12] After Umbrella's public fall from grace, Spencer retreats to his mansion in Europe. He is eventually located by Chris Redfield and Jill Valentine prior to the events of Resident Evil 5, but is swiftly killed by Wesker before the two can reach him. His first name is written as Oswell in the original version, but misspelled as "Ozwell" in the English version.

UBCS
One of Umbrella's subsidiaries is UBCS (Umbrella Biohazard Countermeasure Service), a private military company with a highly trained security force composed of mostly war criminals and exiled soldiers[13] and capable of rescue and reconnaissance paramilitary operations. The corporation also uses its top-secret special forces group to secure and protect its assets and high-profile employees.

Carlos Oliveira
Voiced by (English): Vince Corazza (RE3), Scott McNeil (Under the Skin), Kim Strauss (The Umbrella Chronicles), Gideon Emery (Operation Raccoon City)
Voiced by (Japanese): Shoto Kashii (Under the Skin), Hiroki Yasumoto (Operation Raccoon City)
Played by: Oded Fehr (Apocalypse, Extinction, Retribution)
Carlos Oliveira (カルロス・オリヴェイラ, Karurosu Orivueira), the second main character of Resident Evil 3,[13] is a mercenary and a former member of a South American communist guerrilla group. After the government forces wiped out his organization, Carlos was scouted out by the Umbrella Corporation to join Umbrella's UBCS. He joined the force and was assigned to Delta Platoon, Company A (serving alongside Nicholai Ginovaef and Mikhail Victor), which was in charge of heavy firearms and weapons maintenance.[13] Despite his violent background, he is warm-hearted and known for joking around.[14] In Resident Evil 3, Carlos assists Jill Valentine throughout the game as the two of them attempt to escape Raccoon City. At one point Jill becomes infected by the T-virus after a battle with The Nemesis. At this point Carlos becomes playable so that the player can prepare a vaccine for Jill. Ultimately he is successful in escaping the city along with Jill. He reprises his role in The Umbrella Chronicles, where the events of Resident Evil 3 are revisited in the "Raccoon's Destruction" scenario, in which Carlos is a playable character alongside Jill Valentine.

In the live action films his name is spelled Olivera, indicating a character background change from Brazil (Portuguese, "Oliveira") to a Hispanic country (Spanish, "Olivera"). In the second film he is briefly infected with the T-virus, but Alice is able to find a sample of the antivirus in time to cure him. In the third film, he and Alice parted company five years ago when Alice sought to protect her allies from the Umbrella satellites tracking her, but they meet again when he is travelling with a convoy led by Claire Redfield. When Carlos is bitten during an attempt to capture Alice, he volunteers to mount a suicide run on the umbrella complex tracking Alice after it takes a series of prisoners from the convoy, reasoning that there is no time to get a sample of the antivirus before the infection becomes permanent, taking a fuel tanker into the mass of zombies surrounding the base and then setting off a series of bombs, taking out a sizeable number of zombies and breaching the complex defenses.

Mikhail Victor
Voiced by: Benedict Campbell (RE3)
Mikhail Victor (ミハイル・ヴィクトール, Mihairu Vikutōru) is the leader of the UBCS Delta platoon that both Nicholai and Carlos are members of. According to his backstory, Mikhail is from Saint Petersburg, Russia, and had originally served in the army before joining a rebel group. Mikhail was eventually arrested by Russian government forces and convicted for acts of terrorism. He was then coerced into leading the UBCS in exchange for his men's freedom.[15] In the game, he appears already wounded, choosing to sacrifice his own life to save Jill and Carlos as he dies after being blown apart by his own grenade in a failed attempt to destroy the Nemesis. In an early draft of the story, Mikhail was originally scripted to be Nicholai's older brother, hence their common nationality and close ages (his original name was Mikhail Ginovaef).[15] He is the only one of the main UBCS operatives not to appear in the film Resident Evil: Apocalypse, where he is replaced by an original character named Yuri Loginova.

Nikolai Zinoviev
Voiced by (English): Roger Honeywell (RE3), Rick D. Wasserman (Operation Raccoon City)
Voiced by (Japanese): Kenta Miyake (Operation Raccoon City)
Played by: Zack Ward (Apocalypse)
Nicholai Ginovaef (ニコライ・ジノビエフ, Nikorai Jinobiefu, a mistransliteration of the actual Russian name "Nikolai Zinoviev") is a member of the UBCS Delta platoon, Company B. According to his backstory, Nicholai is from Moscow and served in the Russian Spetsnaz before joining the UBCS. He also has an unspoken rivalry with HUNK from Resident Evil 2. Nikolai meets Jill as one of the few surviving operatives from the Delta platoon, along with Carlos and Mikhail. He disappears after an event in the first half of the game and is presumed dead until another encounter with him. Nikolai is in fact one of the Supervisors UBCS operatives assigned to watch and gather combat data as their comrades fight against Umbrella's bio-weapons. Nicholai's fate varies depending on which route the player takes. In one scene, he is slaughtered by the Nemesis and his corpse is left hanging in an air duct. Another possible outcome shows Nicholai stealing Jill's intended escape helicopter. At this point, the player has the option of attempting to negotiate with him, in which he escapes from the city successfully, or choose to fight back against Nikolai, destroying the helicopter along with him. The English localization of Resident Evil Survivor features a document supposedly authored by Nicholai after the events of Nemesis. The file is different in the original Japanese version and the Chinese localization of the PC port. The third entry of the document (the portion dated after the events of Nemesis) was actually authored by the "Umbrella B.O.W. Development Staff", rather than Nikolai.[16] Nikolai also appears in Resident Evil Outbreak in the final scenario "Decisions, Decisions" which depicts the character conducting another mission occurring during the same time period as the second half of Resident Evil 3. He is mentioned in The Umbrella Chronicles, where he is referred to by the codename "Silver Fox". Nicholai's role in Resident Evil: Operation Raccoon City was stopping Wolfpack from completing their mission objective. The character was adapted for the film Resident Evil: Apocalypse, although the film features a more heroic depiction of Nikolai, which differs from the game's original antagonistic portrayal of the character. In the film's novelization, he was renamed Nicholai Sokolov. Nicholai is ultimately torn to shreds by zombie dogs while holding them off so Alice and Jill can escape.

Sergei Vladimir
Voiced by: Patrick Seitz (The Umbrella Chronicles)
Sergei Vladimir (セルゲイ・ウラジミール, Serugei Urajimīru) is a high-ranking Russian employee of Umbrella and the main antagonist of Resident Evil: The Umbrella Chronicles. Following the fall of the Soviet Union, he approached the Umbrella Corporation and quickly became one of the company's top officers. He became personally acquainted with Umbrella's founder, Ozwell E. Spencer, who began to rely on Sergei as a loyal and effective enforcer. Sergei subsequently formed and led Umbrella's UBCS,[17] as well as Umbrella's internal espionage organization, Monitor. Agents that answered directly to Sergei included the likes of Nicholai Ginovaef. Sergei undertakes the Umbrella Corporation's most important tasks through the Resident Evil series, including stealing the Red Queen from the Arklay Research Facility, extracting an Umbrella executive from Raccoon City before its destruction, and securing important research information.[18] Sergei is killed by Albert Wesker while attempting to prevent him from stealing a database containing the Umbrella Corporations most important documents and research data.[19]

USS
The Umbrella Security Service were first introduced in Resident Evil 2. USS Alpha team attempted to steal a sample of the G-virus, causing the citywide outbreak in the game. Delta team appeared in the prequel Resident Evil Zero, in which the team was sent in to blow up the Ecliptic Express after the trouble occurred, but was overwhelmed by the leeches and wiped out. Delta team was under the direct command of Wesker and Birkin. According to Code: Veronica, USFU agents were trained at the Rockfort Island facility.

Ghost
"Ghost" is an Umbrella Secret Service (USS) soldier that was made playable in Resident Evil 2 (2019 version) in a mode called The Ghost Survivors. Little is known about him as a person, but he does not survive long enough to get out of Raccoon City. He has to contend with zombies covered in armour. His story is told in a chapter, referred to as "Forgotten Soldier".[20]

HUNK
Voiced by (English): Keith Silverstein (The Umbrella Chronicles, The Darkside Chronicles, Operation Raccoon City, Revelations, REmake 2)
Voiced by (Japanese): Masaki Terasoma (Operation Raccoon City, Revelations, REmake 2)
HUNK (ハンク, HANKU) is a member of the Umbrella Security Service Unit in Resident Evil 2.[21] He is also known as "Mr. Death" for being the sole survivor of several operations.[22] HUNK appears in Resident Evil 2 and is playable in a secret minigame entitled "4th Survivor". This short scenario entails HUNK's journey to escape Raccoon City, beginning with his awakening in the sewers and eventually leading to his extraction from the city. He is the only member of his unit to survive the attack of the mutated William Birkin that takes place shortly after he secured a sample of the G-virus for Umbrella.[21] He reappears in The Umbrella Chronicles, in a remake of the "4th Survivor" scenario where the player must reach the helipad for extraction from Raccoon City, and during the "Memories of a Lost City" scenario in Resident Evil: The Darkside Chronicles.[23] HUNK is playable in the "Mercenaries" minigame in Resident Evil 4, but has no relation to the story.[23] HUNK appears as a side character in Resident Evil: Operation Raccoon City, where he works with other Umbrella Security Service operatives to recover a sample of the G-virus prior to the events of Resident Evil 2. He is also a playable character in Resident Evil: The Mercenaries 3D, Resident Evil Revelations, and Resident Evil Revelations 2.

Umbrella Corps
The Umbrella Corps, also known as Blue Umbrella, are a newly formed Mercenary group working on a newly reformed Umbrella Corporation, whose objective is to carry out extraction missions requested from several pharmaceutical companies. They all serve as the main protagonists in Umbrella Corps and play a vital role in Resident Evil 7: Biohazard.

Veronica
She assists Chris Redfield via radio during Umbrella's mission depicted in Not a Hero, a downloadable chapter for Resident Evil 7: Biohazard.[24] Her role is essentially similar to Hunnigan from Resident Evil 4.[25]

3A7
Voiced by: D. C. Douglas
Notable researchers
Alexia Ashford
Voiced by: Leila Johnson (Code Veronica), Karen Strassman (The Darkside Chronicles)
Alexia Ashford (アレクシア・アシュフォード, Arekushia Ashufōdo) is the primary antagonist of Resident Evil Code: Veronica. Along with her twin brother, Alfred, she is the product of an experiment by her father, the Umbrella's chief senior virologist researcher, Alexander (the son of the corporation's deceased co-founder Edward Ashford; he was later himself turned by Alexia into an undead monster called Nosferatu). The genetic material of her ancestor Veronica Ashford was inserted into an embryo and implanted in a surrogate mother in an attempt to reproduce Veronica's legendary intelligence and beauty. Having successfully inherited these traits, Alexia sought to become an unstoppable world dictator by injecting herself with the T-Veronica Virus and freezing herself for several years in order to retain her own personality and allow her body to control the virus, rather than vice versa. She awakes during the events of Code Veronica, after her brother Alfred dies. In revenge for this, she sends one of her tentacle monsters to capture Claire and Steve, experimenting on the latter and turning him into a large monster. She is confronted by Albert Wesker towards the end of the game and mutates into her first form. The two battle each other and she drives him off, but is then defeated by Chris. She revives and appears at the very end of the game as the last boss, mutating into another 2 forms before Chris kills her for good with the Linear Launcher.

In 2009, IGN ranked her as the series' most fearsome villain.[26]

Annette Birkin
Voiced by (English): Jennifer Dale (RE2), Deborah Sale Butler (DC), Karen Strassman (REmake 2)
Voiced by (Japanese): Marika Hayashi (REmake 2)
Motion capture: Keren Strassman (REmake 2)
Annette Birkin (アネット・バーキン, Anetto Bākin) is a supporting character in Resident Evil 2. She is involved in Bio Organic Weapon research at Umbrella, working with her husband William to create the G-Virus. During the Raccoon City outbreak, Annette works to stop Umbrella's experiments from spreading further into the city. She leaves their daughter Sherry at the Raccoon Police Department with a pendant containing the virus, hoping Irons can protect her. During the game's events, Annette helps Claire cure Sherry's G-virus infection and reveals Ada's true motives to Leon. She is fatally injured, forcing them to leave her behind. Annette appears in the game's remake, maintaining the same role as in the original game, and its retelling in The Darkside Chronicles.

James Marcus
Played by: Mark Simpson (RE: TFC)
James Marcus (ジェームス・マーカス, Jēmusu Mākasu) is one of the primary antagonists in the Resident Evil Series. Years before the events of the first Resident Evil, he was one of the top virologist researchers of the Umbrella Corporation and a head of its personnel training facility, personally appointed by Ozwell E. Spencer to work with the Mother virus. In this capacity, Marcus played an integral role in developing the T-virus and the Tyrant and Nemesis programs, also conducting extensive research on leeches that led to the development of the G-virus, up until his sudden disappearance in 1988.[27] Spencer betrayed him by sending Marcus' direct subordinates, Albert Wesker and William Birkin, to murder him and steal his research.[5] Approximately a decade later, Marcus rose from the dead with the aid of his leeches.[8] He exacts his vengeance upon Spencer by contaminating the Spencer Mansion, one of the Umbrella Corporation's secret research facilities, with the T-virus, which trigger the events of the first Resident Evil game.[9] Marcus plays a larger role in the game's prequel, Resident Evil Zero, which details the accounts of his resurrection, vendetta, and ultimate downfall at the hands of Rebecca Chambers and Billy Coen. He also appears in The Umbrella Chronicles.[28]

William Birkin
Voiced by (English): Diego Matamoros (RE2), T.J. Rotolo (The Darkside Chronicles, Operation Raccoon City, REmake 2)
Voiced by (Japanese): Toshihiko Seki (Operation Raccoon City, 0, REmake 2)
Motion capture: T.J. Rotolo (REmake 2)
Played by: Jason Isaacs (RE)
William Birkin (ウィリアム・バーキン, Wiriamu Bākin) is one of the main antagonists in the Resident Evil series, specifically Resident Evil 2. After completing his G-virus project, he is mortally wounded by agents of the Umbrella Special Forces and his work is stolen. Left for dead, he injects himself with the G-virus, thus turning himself into a monster known as "G". He then kills his attackers, causing a T-virus vial to be leaked into the city's drainage system, resulting in the zombie outbreak in Raccoon City. During the course of the game, he encounters the main characters, Claire Redfield and Leon S. Kennedy, as he undergoes gradual mutation and begins losing any resemblance of his original human form. He is eventually defeated by Claire and Leon, with the help of his daughter Sherry. Birkin is mentioned in Wesker's Report as the scientist who helped Wesker fake his death and is retroactively mentioned in the GameCube remake of the first Resident Evil. He also makes an appearance in Resident Evil Zero, where he assists Wesker from behind the scenes, and also appears in a cutscene in The Umbrella Chronicles along with Albert Wesker.[29] In 2012, IGN ranked the transformed Birkin as the second best boss in the series, calling him "a terrible abomination - one that is not easily forgotten."[30]

In the first Resident Evil film, Birkin makes an uncredited cameo appearance as the head of the Nemesis project, who was also the film's narrator. According to an audio commentary by Paul W. S. Anderson, Isaacs was planned to reprise this role in the sequel Resident Evil: Apocalypse, but left the project for undisclosed reasons, so an original character named Dr. Alexander Isaacs (played by Iain Glen) was created to fulfill Birkin's role in the sequel.

United Nations
BSAA
The BSAA (Bioterrorism Security Assessment Alliance), was a private military company formed between the events of Resident Evil 4 and Resident Evil 5. It was founded by Jill Valentine, Chris Redfield, Clive R. O'Brian, and eight others after the fall of Umbrella, with the aim of combating the increasing numbers of B.O.W.s being sold on the black market. Originally a non-government organization, the BSAA was placed under United Nations Security Council control when the U.S. government funded Federal Bioterrorism Commission (FBC) was revealed to be corrupt.

Jessica Sherawat
Voiced by (English): Ali Hillis (Revelations)
Voiced by (Japanese): Nana Mizuki (Revelations)
Jessica Sherawat is a member of the FBC, where she worked with Parker Luciani. She later became a member of the BSAA and worked with Chris Redfield in their investigation of Veltro in 2005. Most importantly, Jessica is secretly an agent working for the corrupt Morgan Lansdale and, above all, for Tricell Incorporated. As such, she betrays Chris and the BSAA. She survives the ordeal, and is given a sample of the T-Abyss virus by Raymond Vester.

Parker Luciani
Voiced by (English): Kirk Thornton (Revelations)
Voiced by (Japanese): Mitsuru Miyamoto (Revelations)
Parker was originally a member of the FBC tasked with helping out during the 2004 Veltro terrorist attack of Terragrigia. However he and his partner Jessica Sherawat barely managed to make it out alive and fled into the FBC building. During their trip to the Command Room, they met and saved the new cadet, Raymond Vester. He and Parker then bonded. At the command room, they met Morgan Lansdale, who was collaborating with Jack Norman, and in the midst of betraying him. After that, the group escaped the city. In 2005, Parker and Jill followed Chris and Jessica's last known coordinates to a stranded cruise ship named Queen Zenobia in the Mediterranean Sea. They realized that the entire crew of the Queen Zenobia had been turned into monstrous bio organic weapons named Ooze and are forced to fight for their lives. On the ship's bridge, they are surprised to meet none other than Vester who claims to be there by orders of the FBC. After Jessica is revealed to be a traitor, she sets the Queen Zenobia to self-destruct. Parker was later seen dangling above end then falling into a series of explosions after the floor he was standing on collapsed. It is ultimately revealed that Raymond Vester saved Parker from the explosion. Parker was then found adrift off the shore of the Republic of Malta in the Mediterranean Sea. He resumed his position as a Special Operations Agent for the BSAA after a month of recovery.

Piers Nivans
Voiced by (English): Chris Emerson (RE6)
Voiced by (Japanese): Shuhei Sakaguchi (RE6)
Face Model: Adam Crosman (RE6)
Portrayed by: Wataru Kuriyama (stage play)
Piers Nivans is a member of the North American Branch of the BSAA in Resident Evil 6. He is a talented marksman, who served under Chris Redfield during the Edonian Civil War in 2012. On one of their missions, Carla Radames infects their comrades with the C-virus and turns them into mutants. Chris is knocked unconscious in the ensuing battle but is rescued by Piers. Chris becomes disillusioned and disappears after recovering. Piers tracks down Chris and successfully convinces him to rejoin the BSAA to avenge his dead comrades. They are deployed to Lanshiang, China and tasked to stop a bio-terrorism attack. The duo are eventually led to an underwater laboratory that is being used to create powerful bio-organic weapons. Piers is severely injured during their final battle with the B.O.W., Haos, and injects himself with the C-virus to continue fighting. After he and Chris manage to defeat the Haos, they then attempt to escape the laboratory during its self-destruction sequence, but after realizing that he is beginning to succumb to the C-virus, Piers seals Chris inside an escape pod in order to ensure his survival, while he stays behind during the laboratory's destruction to prevent himself from mutating any further, sacrificing himself in the process. Right before his death, Piers manages to save Chris from the still-alive Haos by killing it as it attempts to destroy the escape pod Chris is in. Chris honors Piers's memory by remaining with the BSAA (when before, Chris thought of retiring and leaving Piers in charge).[31] Piers is mentioned by name during the epilogue in Resident Evil: Revelations 2, as he is in China with Chris.

Sheva Alomar
Main article: Sheva Alomar
United States of America
STARS
S.T.A.R.S. (Special Tactics And Rescue Service, also known as the Special Tactics And Rescue Squad in early localizations) is a special operations force in the Raccoon Police Department, introduced in the original Resident Evil and disbanded before the events of the sequel. Its key members included Albert Wesker, Barry Burton, Brad Vickers, Chris Redfield, Enrico Marini, Forest Speyer, Jill Valentine, Joseph Frost, Kenneth J. Sullivan, Rebecca Chambers and Richard Aiken.[32]

Besides Chris, Jill and, Wesker, Four other STARS members are major characters in the game series:

Rebecca Chambers
Main article: Rebecca Chambers (character)
Barry Burton
Voiced by (English): Barry Gjerde (RE),[33] Ed Smaron (REmake), Jamieson Price (RE5), Michael McConnohie (Revelations 2)
Voiced by (Japanese): Yusaku Yara (Revelations 2, REmake HD Remaster)
Played by: Gregory Smith (RE live-action cutscenes),[33][34] Kevin Durand (Retribution)
Barry Burton (バリー・バートン, Barī Bāton) is a middle-aged (38-year-old in the original Resident Evil[35]) SWAT-veteran[32] and STARS Alpha Team's weapons specialist. In the original Resident Evil, Barry plays a supporting role in Jill's story while only appearing briefly in the opening scene of Chris' scenario. During the course of the game, it is revealed that he was blackmailed into betraying his teammates by Albert Wesker, who threatened to harm his family if he refused. He returns in Resident Evil 3: Nemesis, where he helps Jill and Carlos escape from Raccoon City before its destruction. Barry also appears in the non-canonical game Resident Evil Gaiden as one of its two player characters, and as a DLC character in the Resident Evil 5 Mercenaries Reunion mode.[35]

After non-canon appearances in games for several years, Barry was a playable character in Resident Evil: Revelations 2. Barry arrived on Sushestvovanie Island to search for his daughter, Moira, and the returning Claire Redfield, who got captured by men sent by Alex Wesker, and used a radio tower to send out a distress call.[36] Barry also meets a little girl named Natalia Korda, who can sense the presence of hidden items, and monsters. Natalia can be controlled by the player as well as Barry, but can only use bricks to attack monsters. During the events of Resident Evil: Revelations 2, it is revealed Barry was estranged from Moira. Eventually, Barry winds up having to battle Alex Wesker, believing she killed Moira, and she targets Natalia for nefarious reasons. In the end, Barry survives the ordeal, killing Alex with Claire's help, and reconciles with Moira, who showed up belatedly to save her father and friends. Barry then adopts Natalia, with everybody unaware that Alex is now somehow part of her, following her death.

PlayStation Universe described Barry as "something of a legend among RE aficionados, thanks in no small part to his utterly laughable dialogue segments in the original Resident Evil," adding that "he also remains one of the most genuinely likeable characters in the franchise, especially after the chaps at Capcom polished up his hammy ways for the GameCube remake."[35] In 2010, Joystick Division ranked him fifth, on a list of top supporting characters in video game history.[37]

Brad Vickers
Voiced by: Evan Sabba (RE3), Adam Paul (REmake), Johnny Yong Bosch (The Umbrella Chronicles)
Brad Vickers (ブラッド・ヴィッカーズ, Buraddo Vikkāzu) is a STARS helicopter pilot and Alpha team's computer and information expert, nicknamed "Chickenheart".[32] He leaves his teammates stranded in the forest during the opening of the first Resident Evil after panicking, but returns at the end of the game to save the survivors (Jill, Chris, Barry, and Rebecca). In Resident Evil 3, despite trying to avoid any further involvement in the events surrounding Umbrella, Brad is targeted by Nemesis and eventually killed. He can be seen as a zombie in front of the police department in Resident Evil 2 if the player meets certain goals (get to the police station without picking up any items).[38]

Richard Aiken
Voiced by (English): Joe Whyte (REmake), Yuri Lowenthal (The Umbrella Chronicles)
Voiced by (Japanese): Yūji Ueda (REmake HD Remaster)
Richard Aiken (リチャード・エイケン, Richādo Eiken) is the STARS' radio communications specialist[32] and one of the Bravo Team members involved in the Spencer Mansion Incident. In the original Resident Evil game, he is found on the east wing of the Mansion's second floor, severely wounded and poisoned by a giant snake. After a brief detour to collect antivenom, Richard dies, either after imparting information and a radio (if the player returns quickly), or prior to their return. In the remake version, whilst playing as Jill, Richard will accompany the player into the fight with Yawn, sacrificing himself to push her away from a lethal attack, and being ingested by the snake. Whilst playing as Chris, Richard will be killed during the encounter with the shark-based Neptune monster. In the novel The Umbrella Conspiracy, Richard is found by Chris and Rebecca, already dead from the poison. In Resident Evil: The Umbrella Chronicles, Richard is a companion of Rebecca. He is one of the playable characters in the multiplayer mode of Resident Evil: Deadly Silence.

Raccoon Police Department
The Raccoon Police Department (R.P.D.) are law enforcement service in Raccoon City.

Brian Irons
Voiced by (English): Gary Krawford (RE2), JB Blanc (The Darkside Chronicles), Sid Carton (REmake 2)
Voiced by (Japanese): Akio Hirose (REmake2)
Motion capture: Sid Carton (REmake 2)
Brian Irons is the Police Chief of the RPD. He is secretly bribed by Umbrella to cover up the T-virus outbreak in the Arklay laboratories and their experiments with the G-virus. During the Raccoon City outbreak, Irons goes insane and begins killing people in the Department building indiscriminately, including Mayor Warren's daughter Katherine. Irons is encountered several times by Claire Redfield, who gradually learns of his alliance with Birkin and Umbrella. He is eventually killed by a mutated William Birkin. In the game's remake, Irons kidnaps Sherry Birkin and tries to use her to access the NEST facility. It is also revealed that he is also the director of an orphanage used to supply Umbrella with human test subjects, where he holds her until he can retrieve her pendant. Irons chases Sherry as she attempts to escape, but is eventually attacked and implanted with an G-Embryo. He dies when the creature erupts from his body just as Claire arrives to confront him. Irons also appears in The Darkside Chronicles, though his role is greatly downplayed to a brief confrontation with Leon and Claire.

Elliot Edward
Voiced by (Japanese): Kenji Takahashi (REmake 2)
Elliot Edward is an RPD officer and minor character in Resident Evil 2. He appears in the opening minutes of Scenario B trying to reach an evacuation helicopter. However, he is attacked and killed by zombies, during which he causes the copter to crash by accidentally shooting the pilot and blocks off part of the RPD. In the remake, Elliot works with other officers in an attempt to escape the overrun RPD. Eventually discovering a way out, he is ripped apart by creatures as he attempts to get to the player's character, though is able to give them the information about a secret passage. His corpse later transforms into a zombie.

Marvin Branagh
Voiced by (English): Rod Wilson (RE2), Beau Billingslea (Outbreak File #2), Lex Lang (The Darkside Chronicles), Christopher Watson (REmake 2)
Voiced by (Japanese): Fuminori Komatsu (REmake 2)
Motion capture: Christopher Watson (REmake 2)
Marvin Branagh is a lieutenant in the RPD. In the original game, he is discovered in Scenario A by either Leon or Claire, and informs them of the Mansion Incident. Giving them his keycard to unlock areas of the police station, he forces them to leave him behind and locks the door behind them. Marvin later transforms into a zombie and attacks the player. In the 2019 remake, he is more proactive in helping the protagonists escape the RPD and helps them unlock the passage. Marvin appears in Resident Evil Outbreak: File 2 and The Darkside Chronicles.

DSO
The Division of Security Operations (DSO) was an anti-bioterrorism organization under the jurisdiction of the United States federal government.

Ingrid Hunnigan
Voiced by (English): Salli Saffioti (RE4, Degeneration, Damnation, RE6)
Voiced by (Japanese): Yū Sugimoto (Degeneration, Damnation, RE6)
Motion Capture performance: Jolene Andersen (Damnation)
Ingrid Hunnigan serves as Leon S. Kennedy's Case Officer. As an F.O.S. agent (Field Operations Support) Hunnigan provides Leon with tactical information relevant to his current situation. She assisted him during his missions to rescue Ashley Graham in Resident Evil 4 and to stop Neo-Umbrella in Resident Evil 6. She also makes brief appearances in Resident Evil: Degeneration and Resident Evil: Damnation.

Sherry Birkin
Voiced by (English): Lisa Yamanaka (RE2), Laura Bailey (The Darkside Chronicles), Eden Riegel (Operation Raccoon City, RE6), Eliza Pryor (REmake 2)
Voiced by (Japanese): Hisako Kanemoto (Operation Raccoon City, child), Maaya Sakamoto (RE6, adult), Rio Sasaki (REmake 2, child)
Motion Capture performance: Sara Fletcher (RE6), Eliza Pryor (REmake 2)
Facial Model: Sara Fletcher (RE6)
Sherry Birkin (シェリー・バーキン, Sherī Bākin) is the daughter of William and Annette Birkin. She first appears in Resident Evil 2, running away and hiding in Raccoon City during the outbreak. She manages to find Leon and Claire, who protect her while trying to escape the city. Sherry is a playable character in some parts of the game but she is completely unarmed and can only avoid the monsters. Her father has been transformed into a monstrous creature by the G-virus and infects her, but Claire gives Sherry an anti-virus, which prevents her from mutating. Sherry assists Leon and Claire in boarding a secret underground train, and successfully escapes Raccoon City before it is destroyed. Sherry also appears in Resident Evil: The Darkside Chronicles in chapters that recapitulate the events of Resident Evil 2. She returns as an adult in Resident Evil 6 as a government agent escorting Jake Muller and seems to have acquired great healing abilities from the remnants of the G-virus in her body. During the course of the game, she helps Jake deal with the fact that Albert Wesker is his father. She also learns from Leon S. Kennedy that her superior, Derek C. Simmons, is the man responsible for the U.S. President's death. She and Jake subsequently ally with Leon, Chris Redfield and their partners in thwarting Carla Radames' plans.

Derek C. Simmons
Voiced by (English): David Lodge (RE6)
Voiced by (Japanese): Takayuki Sugō (RE6)
Derek Clifford Simmons is the primary antagonist of Leon's campaign in Resident Evil 6. Simmons is the National Security Advisor and a close friend to Adam Benford. He is the leader of a secret organization known as "The Family", which uses its vast political influence to maintain world order. Simmons worries that Benford's plan to declassify the Raccoon City incident will create civil unrest around the world and tarnish the United States' reputation. He coerces Helena into infecting the president with the C-virus, and later causes viral outbreaks in Tall Oaks. Simmons is later betrayed by Carla Radames and infected with the C-virus. Simmons spontaneously switches between mutations as he fights Leon and Helena to the Quad Tower, where he finally falls to his death. A unique feature of Simmons' mutation is that he could absorb zombies to add more mass to his body, which took the form of a giant insect as a result.[39]

Secret Service
Helena Harper
Voiced by (English): Laura Bailey (RE6)
Voiced by (Japanese): Mayumi Sako (RE6)
Facial model by: Natasha Alam
Helena Harper is an agent in the Secret Security Service (USSS) and the personal bodyguard of U.S. President Adam Benford. Harper is a former CIA operative, who receives a second-chance with the USSS after facing two suspensions for using excessive force to defend her family.[40] Derek Simmons blackmails Harper into helping his organization cause a C-virus outbreak in Tall Oaks by kidnapping Helena’s sister, Deborah.[41] Benford is infected in the ensuing viral outbreak and becomes a zombie, prompting Kennedy to reluctantly shoot him in the head. Harper and Kennedy work together to locate Deborah before learning Simmons has mutated her into a BOW. Helena is forced to kill her sister, and reveals she worked with Simmons to cause the C-virus outbreak under duress. She eventually confronts and kills Simmons in Lanshiang, China. Harper is cleared of any wrongdoing after the government investigates Simmons’ background.[42]

FBC
The Federal Bioterrorism Commission was a United States government commission set up for handling bioterrorist operations.

Raymond Vester
Voiced by (English): David Vincent (Revelations)
Voiced by (Japanese): Yasunori Matsumoto (Revelations)
Raymond Vester was one of the top agents working in the FBC (Federal Bioterrorism Commission). At the time of the 2004 Terragrigia Panic, Raymond was an inexperienced cadet in the FBC. Injured by Veltro's Farfarello, he was rescued by the more experienced agents Parker Luciani and Jessica Sherawat. Retreating back to the conference room where FBC Commissioner Morgan Lansdale was residing, Raymond stumbled upon a telephone conversation Lansdale was having with the Veltro leader, Jack Norman. Raymond became increasingly suspicious of his commanding officer, and knew that he was somehow involved with the bio-terrorist attack. However, he was unable to act on these suspicions, as the city was evacuated and destroyed soon after. At some point after this attack, Raymond became an informant for BSAA leader Clive R. O'Brian, operating as his mole within the FBC. O'Brian and Vester devised a plan to oust Lansdale as the architect of the Terragrigia attack through engineering the "return" of Veltro. Vester would pose as Jack Norman, and O'Brian used a mountain airbase to create the illusion that the terrorist group had resurfaced. In doing so, the two hoped to collect enough evidence to expose Lansdale. During the Queen Zenobia incident, O'Brian let slip that agents Jessica Sherawat and Chris Redfield were captured by Veltro aboard the Zenobia. Intercepting this information, Lansdale sent Vester and his partner Rachael to the ship to determine if the BSAA agents supposedly on board the vessel would pose any threat to him. Vester and O'Brian agreed to push forward the schedule of their plan. After boarding the ship, Vester, with and without his Veltro disguise, encountered Luciani and Valentine on the ship's bridge, making his presence known. Soon after, Agents Sherawat and Redfield boarded the vessel. Just as Raymond was about to reveal Lansdale's secrets to the group, Lansdale's mole, Jessica Sherawat, shot Raymond in the chest, causing him to fall from the balcony. Though Raymond was wearing a bulletproof vest and was unharmed by Jessica's shot, he faked his death while in her presence and whispered critical information about the conspiracy and her true identity. He later resurfaced and helped a gravely injured Luciani escape the sinking ship. Unbeknown to Parker, both Raymond and Jessica were agents of the pharmaceutical division of TRICELL, which had promoted the development of T-Abyss. The two met in a cafe in an unnamed European country, where Vester provided Sherawat with a sample of the T-Abyss.

Strategic Command
Bruce McGivern
Voiced by (English): Raj Ramayya (Dead Aim)
Voiced by (Japanese): Hiroaki Hirata (Namco × Capcom)
When a large amount of a recently developed hybrid viral agent known as the "T+G Virus" was stolen from the Umbrella Pharmaceuticals Development Center in Paris by a former Umbrella researcher, Bruce McGivern was sent in by the U.S. government to retrieve the virus and neutralize the threat in the Atlantic Ocean on board an Umbrella-owned luxury ocean liner, the Spencer Rain, whose entire personnel on board have been infected with the T-virus stolen by the same former researcher, Morpheus D. Duvall, in September 2002. A member of the USSTRATCOM, McGivern is cocky and brash, and has a tendency to adopt a "shoot first, ask questions later" policy, with little regard for the consequences following his actions. This has often left him in many hostile situations, although in the end, he always somehow comes out on top. Confronted at the very beginning of the game by Duvall, he is saved by Chinese secret agent Fong Ling who throws a grenade at Morpheus (regardless of Bruce's life), seriously wounding the terrorist. He later works with her in order to stop Duvall's plan of unleashing the virus, bringing the fight to an underwater Umbrella secret laboratory which they ultimately destroy as Bruce kills a greatly mutated Duvall. At first at odds with Fong Ling, she and Bruce become closer as the story progresses, particularly after he saves her from an attempt on her life by her own government through the use of satellites armed with lasers. At the end of the game, it is implied that Bruce and Fong will start a relationship.

People's Republic of China
MSS
Fong Ling
Voiced by (English): Claire O'Connor (Dead Aim)
Voiced by (Japanese): Kae Araki (Namco × Capcom)
A Chinese intelligence agent employed by the Ministry of State Security of the People's Republic of China, Fong is infamous for her cold and stoic demeanor. Upon learning of her brother's involvement in anti-government activism, Fong arrested him. Following his arrest, Fong's brother was swiftly executed, although she never questioned the actions of her boss and remained absolutely loyal, stopping at nothing to accomplish her objectives. She is sent by the Chinese government to the Umbrella-owned luxury liner Spencer Rain to stop former Umbrella scientist Morpheus Duvall's plans and retrieve the sample of the virus he stole from an Umbrella's lab in Paris. Initially apathetic towards the presence of a rival operative, Bruce McGivern, going so far as to throw a grenade at Duvall who was holding him at gunpoint, she allies with him in order to stop Duvall. At some point, the Chinese government betrays her and attempts to kill her through the use of satellites armed with lasers. But Bruce saves her. Though greatly shaken by this event, she decides to complete her mission and to keep working for her employers afterward. And from that moment on, she becomes closer to Bruce. After killing Duvall and destroying an Umbrella secret laboratory underwater, it is implied that Bruce and Fong will start a relationship.

NGOs
A non-governmental organization (NGO) is an organization that is neither a part of a recognized government nor a conventional for-profit business.

TerraSave
TerraSave is a non-governmental human rights organization introduced in Resident Evil: Degeneration.

Moira Burton
Voiced by (English): Marcella Lentz-Pope (Revelations 2)
Voiced by (Japanese): Ayumi Fujimura (Revelations 2)
Moira is the eldest daughter of STARS veteran, Barry Burton. In Resident Evil: Revelations 2, Moira and her TerraSave co-workers including Claire Redfield are captured and taken to an abandoned prison facility supervised by Alex Wesker. Moira is a secondary character in Claire's portion of the game. She refuses to use firearms after accidentally wounding her sister with a handgun as a child. Instead, Moira uses tools, such as crowbars, to break open boxes and to attack enemies. She is estranged from her father. Eventually while fighting a mutated Neil Fisher, who betrayed the Terra Save group, Moira overcomes her fear of using a gun in order to save Claire if the player selects this option, which is canon. Moira is separated from Claire and saved by Evgeny, a Russian man who later chooses death once his daughter is dead. Moira then returns to save her father and friends from Alex Wesker, who is now fully mutated. Alex, however, lives on through possessing to some degree Natalia, who had become Moira's adoptive sister.

Neil Fisher
Voiced by (English): Yuri Lowenthal (Revelations 2)
Voiced by (Japanese): Eiji Hanawa (Revelations 2)
Neil Fisher is a high-ranking member of TerraSave and senior officer of Claire Redfield. He was also involved with the organization's operations during the Terragrigia incident, where he met and looked after a young Natalia Korda. However, unknown to other TerraSave members, Neil was affiliated with the FBC, primarily its director Morgan Lansdale. After it was disbanded during the events of Resident Evil: Revelations, Neil plans to start another bioterrorist attack to justify the return of the FBC. To achieve this end, he contacts Alex Wesker and helps her organize the kidnapping of several members of TerraSave for experimentation with her T-Phobos virus. In return, he would receive a vial of Albert Wesker's Uroboros virus to start his bioterrorist attack. After helping Alex procure Natalia for the purposes of transferring her mind into the girl's body, she betrays Neil by injecting the virus into his body and sends him down to the lower levels of her tower, to fight Claire and Moira Burton. Mutating into a hulking beast, he is killed during their fight when shot at point-blank range in the head by either Claire or Moira (canonically the latter).

Neo-Umbrella
Carla Radames
See also: Ada Wong
Carla Radames is the primary antagonist of Resident Evil 6. She is the founder and leader of Neo-Umbrella, a terrorist organization that strives on destroying the current world order. Radames, a former government researcher, is the creator of the C-virus, a powerful mutagen capable of turning humans into capable and competent bio-organic weapons. Derek Simmons performs experiments on Carla which ultimately turn her into a clone of Ada Wong. While Carla possesses Ada's physical appearance and mannerisms, she still retains her original psyche. She also harbors a deep resentment towards Simmons, whom she believes stole her research and lifework. Radames personally oversees the bio-terror attacks in Europe, the United States, and China. She exacts revenge on Simmons by having her henchmen infect him with a potent dosage of the C-virus, which turns him into ravenous monster. She is fatally shot by a helicopter sent by the Family, but thanks to injecting herself with an enhanced C-virus, Radames mutated into a formless mass. She is eventually confronted and killed by Ada Wong.[43]

Los Iluminados
Osmund Saddler
Voiced by: Michael Gough (RE4)
Motion capture: Kenji Hata (RE4)
Osmund Saddler (オズムンド・サドラー, Ozumundo Sadorā) is the main antagonist of Resident Evil 4.[44] He is the leader of Los Illuminados, the cult responsible for Ashley Graham's kidnapping.[45] Saddler plans on infecting Graham with a sample of Las Plagas, in hope that she will return home and infect higher-ranking members of the U.S. government.[46] Saddler then attempts to control them and seize control of the country, and then the world.[46] He uses samples of Las Plagas to infect and control villagers and even a local castellan Ramon Salazar (ラモン・サラザール) to perform his bidding. However, his plans are foiled by the combined efforts of Kennedy, Wong and Luis Sera. Kennedy, with the assistance of Wong, kills Saddler near the game's conclusion, and destroys his research and production complex.[47]

Ramon Salazar
Voiced by: Rene Mujica (voice actor) (RE4)
Motion capture: Tsurugi-Dan (RE4)
Ramon Salazar (voiced by Rene Mujica) is a secondary antagonist in Resident Evil 4. He is the castellan of the castle affiliated with Los Iluminados.[48] He comes from a noble family, who were responsible for sealing Las Plagas beneath the castle's grounds.[49] Years later, Saddler, a cultist who worships Las Plagas, persuaded Salazar to unearth the parasites, causing them to spread across the local area.[49] Salazar controls the Ganados and orders them to kill Kennedy and apprehend Ashley Graham.[50] He merges with his second Verdugo in a Queen Plaga to become a gigantic abomination in a desperate attempt to defeat Kennedy, but perishes during the ensuing fight.

Bitores Mendez
Voiced by: Jesse Corti (voice actor) (RE4)
Motion capture: Kenji Hata (RE4)
Bitorez Mendez is the chief of the unnamed Spanish village, taken over by Osmund Saddler and the Los Illuminados cult. He is given a Dominant Species of the Plaga Parasite, allowing him to command others infected with Las Plagas and granting him incredible strength. Mendez is confronted numerous times throughout the first two chapters of Resident Evil 4 by Leon Kennedy, during the latter's attempt to save the President's daughter from the village. In their last confrontation in a barn, Mendez is forced to mutate after being doused in gasoline and set on fire, eventually detaching the lower part of his body and using the rafters to traverse and attack Leon. He is finally killed by the agent and his glass eye is used to access Salazar's castle. Resident Evil Archives II state that Mendez used to be a Catholic Priest before being converted to the Los Illuminados cult.

Jack Krauser
Voiced by: Jim Ward (RE4, TDC, Mercenaries 3D)
Motion capture: Ryouji Okamoto (RE4, in-game), Munenori Yuo (RE4, cutscenes)
Jack Krauser (ジャック・クラウザー, Jakku Kurauzā) is a freelance mercenary hired to do Saddler's bidding.[51] Originally a U.S. government special forces operative, Krauser served with Leon Kennedy, before losing his job from his last operation with Kennedy from an arm injury[52] and later supposedly perishing in a helicopter crash.[53] Krauser is responsible for kidnapping Ashley, claiming he committed the act to gain Saddler's trust. He has little interest in Saddler's agenda, and only seeks to recover a sample of Las Plagas for Albert Wesker for the latter's plan to restore the then-defunct Umbrella Corporation, believing such would bring order and balance to the world.[54][55][56][57] In addition to being a skilled knife fighter and archer, Krauser possesses superhuman speed, stamina, strength, and gained the ability to transform his left arm into a giant mutated claw.[47] He confronts Kennedy twice in the game. After apparently dying during a fight with Kennedy, Krauser appears as a boss in the "Assignment: Ada" scenario, and is killed once and for all by Ada in the "Separate Ways" scenario.[47][58] Krauser is playable in Mercenaries mode. He uses his bow in combat and can also utilize his mutated arm as a melee weapon. The Darkside Chronicles provides backstory for Krauser as he is partnered with Leon to arrest a drug lord in South America. During their journey they discover the village has suffered an outbreak of the T-virus,[59] and encounter Manuela Hidalgo, who has been infected with the T-Veronica virus, Krauser also learns of Wesker and Umbrella's conspiracy. Before defeating the mutated drug lord, Krauser's arm is severely injured and he is forced to leave the military. He seeks out Wesker to recover from his injury and become stronger.[60]

Baker Family
The Baker Family are the main antagonists of Resident Evil 7: Biohazard.

Jack Baker
Voiced by (English): Jack Brand (RE7)
Voiced by (Japanese): Kazuhiro Yamaji (RE7)
Jack Baker is one of the primary antagonists of Resident Evil 7: Biohazard. He chases after the intruder Ethan Winters inside a plantation mansion, or the "Dulvey Haunted House" as it is also referred to. Jack is a middle-aged man and a member of the Baker family who are victims of Eveline, and have captured Ethan's wife, Mia. The Bakers were thought to have vanished from the local community in Dulvey, Louisiana.

Not long after the game was announced, Jack became known for his various one-liners such as "Welcome to the family, son!" heard in the various demo footage.[61] Jack relentlessly pursues Ethan from area to area, being very strong and somehow appears to be nearly unstoppable. He uses a variety of weapons and can attack you even after being set ablaze when a car bursts into flames inside a garage. To prove to Ethan he is not human, he also takes his gun and seemingly dies after blowing his own head off, only to rise again and continue pursuing Ethan. Jack also murders a policeman who had come across Ethan after they entered the garage. During one such encounter, Ethan ultimately defeats Jack one last time after he has majorly mutated, but Jack later appears in a dream like scene as a normal man due to Ethan having used the serum to cure him. He still dies along with the rest of the Bakers, however, and is honored by Ethan when he says they were also victims of the tragedy that was Eveline. He returned as a major enemy in End of Zoe which is a downloadable content chapter that takes place after the main game. Jack (almost unrecognizable now) stalks his brother Joe while he tries to find a cure for Zoe. Jack is ultimately defeated by Joe and Joe saves Zoe.

Marguerite Baker
Voiced by (English): Sara Coates (RE7)
Voiced by (Japanese): Maki Izawa (RE7)
Marguerite Baker is a primary antagonist in Resident Evil 7: Biohazard and is a member of the mysterious Baker family from Dulvey, Louisiana. They were responsible for the deaths of a local camera crew, but were really doing all of this to outsiders because Eveline had taken control of them, and before their infection, the Bakers were just an ordinary family. Marguerite was first shown in the various footage that was unveiled during 2016, including a clip featuring the scene where her family have the main protagonist Ethan Winters seated at the dinner table. Marguerite was more prominently featured in the Lantern demo, following Mia, Ethan's wife. She can summon insects to swarm together and attack Ethan, but he defeats her nonetheless. When she follows Mia, Mia must hide rather than face her in a battle. Like her other family members, she spouts a lot of profanity.

Lucas Baker
Voiced by (English): Jesse Pimentel (RE7)
Voiced by (Japanese): Setsuji Satō (RE7)
Lucas Baker is a primary antagonist in Resident Evil 7: Biohazard and a member of the Baker family. According to Sewer Gators producer Andre Stickland, he was the "bad seed" of the family. Lucas and his family had been missing since 2014, but are encountered by the protagonist Ethan Winters whilst he searches their derelict house for his missing wife, Mia. Lucas later forces Clancy (a cameraman) and Ethan to navigate a series of areas filled with traps, and monsters, as he mocks their progress. Clancy is killed after engaging a trap, and Ethan watches a tape that reveals how his death occurred to ensure that he does not suffer a similar fate. Lucas survives the events because he is never faced in combat. He also appears in the downloadable content "Banned Footage" chapters, but these side quests predate the main story.[62] However, a new sub-chapter entitled Not a Hero is set after the main game. Lucas served as its main antagonist, being chased by Chris Redfield.[63] After losing three soldiers and traversing gas filled tunnels, Chris eventually located Lucas. After Chris shot him, Lucas mutated before being slain by Chris. Chris then destroyed the computers and returned to the base.

Non-affiliated
Alan Droney
Voiced by (English): Kip Pardue (RE7)
Voiced by (Japanese): Kiyomitsu Mizuuchi (RE7)
Face model: Mark Hobart
Alan Droney is an agent for the Connections. He and Mia Winters were tasked with transporting the Bio Organic Weapon Eveline. Eventually, Eveline infects the people on board, including Alan, turning most into mold. When he began to show symptoms of infection, he dispatched Mia to kill or recapture her. Shortly afterwards, Alan is killed by Eveline.

Alex Wesker
Voiced by (English): Mary Elizabeth McGlynn (Revelations 2)
Voiced by (Japanese): Rica Fukami (Revelations 2)
Motion capture: Elaine Hendrix (Revelations 2)[64]
Face Model: Elaine Hendrix (Revelations 2)[64]
Besides Albert Wesker, Alex is the only other known "Wesker" project to have survived and adapted successfully on her own. Both were viewed as being a form of superior breed of human by their master, Ozwell E. Spencer, but Spencer was betrayed by them both once they grew to understand the greatness of power. Alex was first mentioned in a file obtainable in Resident Evil 5, and is eventually revealed to be the main antagonist of Resident Evil: Revelations 2. It is she who captures the Terra Save workers including Claire Redfield with Moira Burton, and injects them with a virus and has her subjects wear wrist devices to monitor their fear levels as they explore a frightening facility, causing the subjects to mutate if their fear becomes too great. She is frequently spying on her subjects via CCTV. uses quotes by Franz Kafka and captures Natalia Korda, the little girl Barry Burton meets upon reaching the island Moira was stuck on. During some scenes, Alex is clearly seen in her mutated form as well, and controls the "Afflicted". Alex had captured Natalia to experiment on her, intending to transfer her own consciousness into Natalia's body. Regardless of the ending achieved by the player in Revelations 2, good or bad, Alex manages, possibly to different degrees, to transfer her mind into Natalia's body and take over it. In the bonus episode "Little Miss", which takes place before Barry's arrival to the island, players assume control of Natalia and her mysterious evil twin as they look for the toy bear Lottie. This reveals Alex had already started her experience and her mind was present in Natalia's subconscious as the "evil twin".

Ark Thompson
Voiced by: Patrick Harlan (Resident Evil: Survivor)
Ark Thompson is an acquaintance of Leon S. Kennedy who was sent by him to Sheena Island to investigate the Umbrella's facilities there, where the company has its private township, soon after the Raccoon City incident in 1998. He ends up posing as Vincent Goldman, an Umbrella manager, but loses his memory after a helicopter crash. During the game, he is led to believe that he is Vincent Goldman and is mistakenly blamed for the T-virus outbreak on the island. As he investigates, he progressively gets his memories back and confronts the real Vincent Goldman. He eventually escapes the facility before its destruction aboard a helicopter along with Lott and Lily Klein, two children of Umbrella scientists whose parents died in the incident.

Ashley Graham
Voiced by: Carolyn Lawrence (RE4)
Motion capture: Yukiko Saitani (RE4)
Ashley Graham (アシュリー・グラハム, Ashurī Gurahamu) is the new U.S. President's daughter in Resident Evil 4.[65] A college student living in Massachusetts, Ashley is abducted by a mysterious cult while attempting to return to her home.[45] She is taken to a remote part of Spain and held captive in a village inhabited by humans infected with mind-controlling parasites. The cult's leader, Osmund Saddler, plans to infect her with Las Plagas, to carry out the cult's secret agenda.[46] She is rescued by Kennedy, and works alongside him to thwart the cult's plans and escape. In addition to being able to receive commands and perform simple tasks, Ashley briefly becomes a playable character for a portion of the game.

GameDaily listed Ashley Graham as part of its "Babe of the Week: Hottest Blondes" feature, adding that they would give her the "pain in the neck" award.[66] In 2008, Cracked listed her as one of the 15 most annoying video game characters, claiming that in their opinion, "developers need to realize that no one likes to defend the weak and defenseless in video games",[67] but PC Games Hardware included her among the 112 most important female characters in games.[68] That same year, GamesRadar used her as an example of the "pure-hearted love interest", stating that this kind of character lacks personality,[69] and also listed her as one of the top seven most irritating video game characters, stating that while she is not completely useless, she is not very resourceful.[70]

Ben Bertolucci
Voiced by (English): Rod Wilson (RE2), Skip Stellrecht (The Darkside Chronicles)
Voiced by (Japanese): Atsushi Imaruoka (REmake 2)
Ben Bertolucci (ベン・ベルトリッチ, Ben Berutoritchi) is minor character in Resident Evil 2. A journalist, he investigates Chief Brian Irons and Umbrella during their attempts to cover up the Mansion Incident. Eventually discovering evidence linking him to Umbrella, he is arrested and held in the RPD holding cells. In the original game, Ben is approached by Leon S. Kennedy and Ada Wong on information he has uncovered on Umbrella and helps them escape the building. However, he is killed by William Birkin before he can be released from his cell. Before dying, he gives Leon evidence linking Irons to a coverup of the G-virus. In the game's remake, Ben's role is significantly reduced to a brief meeting with Leon. He offers his parking pass to escape the building in exchange for his release, but is killed by the Tyrant before Leon can decide. Opening his cell, Leon retrieves both the pass and a recording of him confronting Annette Birkin on Umbrella's actions and the creation of the G-virus. Ben also appears in The Darkside Chronicles, though he is killed off-screen by Birkin before he can meet Leon, Claire or Ada.

Billy Coen
Voiced by: David Webster (RE0), Steve Van Wormer (The Umbrella Chronicles)
Billy Coen (ビリー・コーエン, Birī Kōen) is first mentioned in a police report filed by Rebecca Chambers that can be found in the Nintendo 64 version of Resident Evil 2, foreshadowing the events of the prequel, Resident Evil Zero. A former Second Lieutenant in the United States Marine Corps Force Reconnaissance, Billy is sentenced to death by a military court for massacring 23 people[71] in murky circumstances during a mission in Africa. Billy's flashbacks imply he is innocent and the victim of a cover-up.[72][73] He escapes en route to his execution and seeks refuge in the Ecliptic Express, a stranded train, where he meets Rebecca Chambers. The two form an alliance in order to survive, using their talents to discover the Umbrella Corporation’s secrets.[74] Both characters are monitored by James Marcus, who sends various creatures to subdue them. After revealing the details of his demise, Marcus mutates into the Queen Leech.[74] In the final battle sequence, Billy and Rebecca destroy the Queen Leech by exploiting its vulnerability to sunlight. Rebecca allows Billy to escape, believing his claims that he is innocent and telling the authorities that he subsequently perished in the Arklay Mountains after their encounter. Billy also appears in The Umbrella Chronicles.[74][75]

Clancy Javis
Voiced by (English): Tony Vogel (RE7)
Voiced by (Japanese): Yu Seki (RE7)
Clancy Javis is a playable character from Resident Evil 7: The Beginning Hour. He enters the Bakers' residence with Andre Stickland and Peter Walken to film an episode of Sewer Gators. He is briefly a playable character while filming Peter. Clancy then searches for Andre who wanders away from the group but is knocked unconscious after discovering Andre's corpse.[61][76] Later, Clancy was tied up and taken into a game room by Lucas who dares him to solve various puzzles in order to light the candle and put it on the cake. When Clancy removed the turner from the barrel, the oil leaks out. After various puzzles, he lights a birthday cake which suddenly exploded, causing him to be engulfed in flames, killing him in the process.[77]

Clancy also appears in the Banned Footage DLC for the game, a collection of stories that take place before the events of the game. In "Nightmare", Clancy is forced to contend with seemingly endless waves of Molded throughout a night, eventually facing Jack in combat. In "Bedroom", he tries to escape the master bedroom of the house whilst being monitored by Marguerite. In "21", Clancy is forced to play a card game against another victim of the Bakers, Hoffman, by Lucas, eventually beating him and leading to Hoffman's death. His success leads to Lucas placing him in the Happy Birthday death trap.

Daniel Cortini
Daniel Cortini is a minor character in the Resident Evil 2 remake. The sheriff of Arklay county, he takes part holding back the T-virus outbreak in the Raccoon City area. Whilst investigating a gas station near the city, Daniel is killed by a zombie whilst after being distracted by the arrival of either Leon or Claire. He appears as a playable protagonist in The Ghost Survivors DLC chapter "No Way Out", which is unlockable after completing the other chapters. A non-canonical account, Daniel battles a large number of enemies in a gas station until he can be rescued.[78]

Deborah Harper
Voiced by (English): Kate Higgins (RE6)
Motion capture: Lauren Kim (RE6)
Deborah Harper is the younger sister of Helena Harper. In the past, Helena was known to be very protective towards Deborah, having wounded Deborah's abusive ex-boyfriend. In Resident Evil 6, the two sisters were held as hostages by Derek C. Simmons in the secret lab underneath the Tall Oaks Cathedral. Helena tried her best to keep a terrified Deborah calm and assures her. Helena offered herself to Simmons in exchange for her sister, but her pleas did nothing and Deborah was dragged away. Deborah was later taken to the catacombs of the cathedral, and was injected with C-Virus; however, as she showed no signs of mutation, Deborah was left to die. After Helena and Leon rescue Deborah, they soon arrive at the lower levels of the catacombs, where Deborah becomes very ill before bursting into flames; a goo then hardens into a cocoon around her. As the lower levels then begin to crumble, Deborah emerges with spider-like appendages on her back. Despite Helena's pleas not to harm her sister, Ada reminds her that Deborah has to be killed or else they will die. After the battle, Helena grabs Deborah as she slips and falls over a pit. She then begs for forgiveness, saying she will avenge her sister after she and Leon kill Simmons, and releases Deborah as she falls to her death into the darkness below. At the end of Leon and Helena's campaign, Helena visits Deborah's grave at a cemetery.

Ethan Winters
Voiced by (English): Todd Soley (RE7)
Voiced by (Japanese): Hidenobu Kiuchi (RE7)
Ethan is the protagonist of the game Resident Evil 7: Biohazard. Ethan is an American civilian looking for his missing wife, Mia. Mia went missing over 3 years ago after she sent a video message to Ethan, talking about how much she was looking forward to coming home. Ethan then suddenly receives a disturbing video message and an email from Mia, so he tells an unknown friend that he is heading out to search for her in Dulvey, Louisiana. This leads him to a derelict plantation mansion, that also happens to be the home of the deranged Baker family, who have been driven insane due to being infected with the Mold from Eveline.

After viewing a tape he finds regarding a camera crew being attacked in the same house, he soon finds his wife in a hidden area lying in a cell, but Mia acts peculiar as they look for a way out, and disappears. She then attacks Ethan with a kitchen knife. The ensuing chaos leads to Mia throwing Ethan through a wall. However, he manages to "kill" her using an ax and pistol. Eventually, she gets up, corners Ethan, and pins him to the wall by his hand with a screwdriver, then cuts off Ethan's pinned hand. Ethan knocks Mia out, and then suddenly, a man attacks Ethan and knocks him out, taking both Ethan and Mia back inside the house. Ethan's severed hand is reattached by a woman named Zoe (the only sane member of the Baker family) and then later, Ethan manages to become untied at the dinner table due to a police officer ringing a telephone, which distracted the Bakers, who were planning to torture him for refusing to eat with them. Ethan manages to fully mend his hand but learns that the Bakers cannot be "killed" very easily.

Mia, as it turns out, is also infected by Eveline, as is Zoe, and therefore not dead. Although Mia and Zoe have to find a way to escape as well. However, Zoe explains that they need to be cured first using a serum as they cannot leave until this is fulfilled. Ethan also encounters other abnormal monsters created by Eveline, such as the creatures called the Molded. But escaping the premises is made extremely difficult, as the Bakers relentlessly pursue him, and Ethan has to protect himself using whatever means he can find, so he can ultimately overcome each family member.

Ethan attempts to get in contact with a military group for his rescue while learning more about Eveline as an "E-Series" Bioweapon. After Ethan is assisted by the military group via chopper and finally puts a stop to Eveline, he and Mia are rescued by Chris Redfield, who is working with the newly reformed Umbrella Corporation. At the conclusion of the End of Zoe sub-chapter, Ethan talks to Zoe by phone and she finds out he kept his promise to send help, and Zoe is cured.

Evgeny Rebic
Voiced by (English): Walter Rego (Revelations 2)
Voiced by (Japanese): Ben Hiura (Revelations 2)
Rebic is an old Russian man Claire and Moira meet on the island they are trapped on in Resident Evil: Revelations 2. He is a miner who is not happy that they are potentially alerting the afflicted to his hideout; Moira ends up doing this by mistake while later spending time with him after her near death experience that resulted in her being away from Claire for 6 months. Although Evegeny is just a bit part character in the main game, he is the co-op partner of Moira in "The Struggle" bonus episode, and uses a rifle to shoot wild animals (for food) and kill enemies. He rescued Moira beneath all the debris that fell on her, but does not call her by that name afterwards, and he teaches her to hunt for herself, while they are putting up with one another's whining. He later learns his missing daughter named Irina is already dead and feeling unwell, Evgeny chooses to die in the underground, with Evgeny and Moira revealing their names to each other just before he passes. His body is eventually found by Barry and Natalia.

Eveline
Voiced by (English): Patricia McNeely (RE7 (Old Woman)), Paula Rhodes (RE7 (Young))
Voiced by (Japanese): Yuri Tabata (RE7 (Old Woman)), Sumire Morohoshi (RE7 (Young))
Eveline is the main antagonist of Resident Evil 7: Biohazard. Considered as an "E-Class" BOW codenamed "E-001", Eveline is a genetically enhanced human created by a mysterious group called "The Connections" with the help from H.C.F (one of the companies owned by Albert Wesker) by fusing a Progenitor-enhanced fungus called Mutamycete into her genome during embryonic stage. Designed for the company's NEXBAS (Next-generation experimental battlefield superiority) initiative, it was designed to blend in with the population, neutralizing combatants without direct contact and converting enemies into allies. Unfortunately the project folded due to its inhumane causes and that it was hard to control unlike other BOWs. Of all the projects done by the company, Eveline is the first successful prototype. She infects people using mold and fungus, allowing her to create a legion of people for her "family" to command and convert them into the "Molded". Due to the bioweapon's destructive abilities in mind control, it was sought after by rival companies, which lead to Mia Winters and Alan Droney to a bioweapon lab within a cargo ship. But when a hurricane struck the ship, Eveline infected Alan, and turned the crew into the Molded. Mia has no choice but to kill the Molded. Eveline killed Alan and infected Mia before the ship exploded.

They were both later found by the Bakers who took them in. Eveline infected the Baker Family within the month, on which put them under their control and give them abilities. 2 years after, Eveline's mind and body are deteriorating rapidly due to lack of her medication, making her demand the Bakers to "add" more people to her family by kidnapping or killing them. Zoe is the only one not affected by Eveline's mind control while Lucas pretends to work with his family knowing she is a threat.

After Ethan arrived at the Baker Family residence, he was helped by Zoe on finding Mia and discovering more about Eveline. When he finally knew her origins, he used the equipment in the lab deep in the Salt Mines to develop a Necrotoxin using Eveline's DNA, which was capable of killing her. He succeeds on injecting it to her revealing that Eveline is actually an old woman, but in the process of her mutating into a giant grotesque form as her powers go haywire and turn on her due to the toxin. With the help from the Umbrella Corporation, Ethan succeeded on fully killing her before being rescued.

Jake Muller
Voiced by (English): Troy Baker (RE6)
Voiced by (Japanese): Daisuke Namikawa (RE6)
Motion capture: Troy Baker, Daniel Southworth (stunt double)
Jake Muller is the son of the Albert Wesker, a eugenicist, virologist and bioterrorist, who formerly worked for Umbrella. It is believed that Wesker was not aware of his sons existence, as Jake's Mother left shortly after being impregnated by him. Jake, later works as a freelance mercenary in order to support his mother, whom dies of an unknown chronic disease shortly after Jake receives money for her treatment. Jake was caught up in an act of bioterrorism while operating in anti-government operations in the fictional Eastern European republic of Edonia. His mercenary comrades are infected with the C-virus, but Jake's specialized blood resists the infection. Soon after, he meets US government agent Sherry Birkin – whose father, William Birkin, was coincidentally Albert's research partner. Sherry and Jake take part in the subsequent battle between the Bioterrorism Security Assessment Alliance and the mutated mercenaries.[79] With his blood resistant to the downside-effects of mutagenic viruses like his father, Jake also inherited several of his father's signature abilities such as increased strength, speed, healing, and advanced combat skills. He demands a large sum of money from the BSAA, in order to sample a pint of his blood to be synthesize for vaccination to combat the C-virus. He and Sherry are captured by Carla Radames, a doppelgänger of Ada Wong, and held captive in Lanshiang, China. They escape during the C-virus outbreak in the city six months later. Over the course of the story of RE6, Jake comes to terms with both the knowledge of his father's actions and of his death at the hands of Chris Redfield three years earlier. After the ordeal, Jake starts a new life fighting BOWs in an underdeveloped country with his real identity covered up by the BSAA.

Joe Baker
Voiced by (English): Gage Maverik (RE7)
Voiced by (Japanese): Kōsei Hirota (RE7)
Joe Baker is the main protagonist in the End of Zoe downloadable content chapter, for Resident Evil 7: Biohazard.[80] The brother of Jack Baker, he lives in the nearby swamplands near the Baker estate, though is isolated from the rest of the family and unaffected by Eveline's control. During the chapter, Joe discovers his niece, Zoe, shortly after the events of the main game and tries to find a cure to free her from Eveline's influence. To do so, he battles against the remnants of the molded creatures created by the Bakers and a mysterious creature chasing after them, later revealed to be a resurrected Jack. Joe ultimately kills his brother and is able to cure Zoe, after which they are found and extracted by the Umbrella Corps. Although he can use firearms, Joe mostly fights with his bare hands, though later acquires an Umbrella Corps glove to increase his strength prior to his final battle with Jack.

Katherine Warren
Katherine Warren is the daughter of Raccoon City's Mayor, Michael Warren. Left behind in Raccoon City by her father, she is left in the care of Chief Brian Irons. Driven insane by the outbreak, Irons instead murders Katherine, planning to stuff her body and keep it as part of his taxidermy collection. Warren's body appears in both versions of Resident Evil 2 and its retelling The Darkside Chronicles. She appears in the remake's Ghost Survivors DLC story "Runaway", which takes place outside of the main series canon.[81]

Lisa Trevor
Lisa Trevor (リサ・トレヴァー, Risa Torevā) is a character and enemy in the remake of Resident Evil and The Umbrella Chronicles.[82] Lisa Trevor is the daughter of George Trevor, the architect behind Ozwell Spencer's Arklay Mansion and the Queen Zenobia cruiser, and his wife Jessica. Following the completion of the mansion's construction, Spencer invites the family to stay there, but betrays George by kidnapping Jessica and Lisa and uses them as human test subjects for genetic experimentation. George is also forced to try to escape the mansion, eventually getting lost and dying of malnutrition.[83] Lisa undergoes a series painful experiments, including receiving the Progenitor virus, while her mother is secretly murdered.[84] Lisa emerges with a grotesque and twisted physical appearance, but gains enhanced strength and nigh-invincibility. Further experimentation on Lisa allows Umbrella's top scientists, William Birkin and Albert Wesker, to develop the G-virus. Lisa is then executed and buried, but she survives and hides in the Arklay forest. She encounters STARS operatives during the events of Resident Evil before ultimately finding her mother's corpse, granting her some closure. Lisa makes her final appearance in The Umbrella Chronicles, where she is defeated by Wesker and left to die as the Arklay mansion and research facility self-destruct.[85]

In 2012, IGN ranked as the ninth best boss in the series, adding, "Not only can her wails be heard throughout the game, she effectively can’t be killed – only deterred. Few things are scarier than that, making her one of the more memorable and entrenched characters in the series."[30]

Luis Sera
Voiced by: Rino Romano (RE4)
Motion capture: Keiichi Wada (RE4)
Luis Sera (ルイス・セラ, Ruisu Sera) is a Spanish investigator, who tries to assist Kennedy and Ada Wong in their efforts against Los Illuminados.[86] He is extremely familiar with the village where the game is set and formerly worked with Osmund Saddler to research and develop the cult's mind-controlling parasites.[87] After realizing Saddler intends to use the parasites for malicious purposes, he attempts to sabotage the cult's mission. Sera meets Kennedy after both of the men are captured by villagers.[47] He introduces himself as a former policeman from Madrid, who became dissatisfied with his job.[88] It is later revealed in the game that Sera was one of the top researchers in finding Las Plagas. He considered the resulting outbreak to be his fault and attempted to eliminate it, aiding Leon. He is ultimately killed by Saddler before he can present him with a sample of Las Plagas.[47][89]

Mia Winters
Voiced by (English): Katie O'Hagan (RE7)
Voiced by (Japanese): Akari Higuchi (RE7)
Face model: Savannah Daniels
Mia is the spouse of Ethan Winters, the main character in Resident Evil 7: Biohazard. A member of an unnamed organization, possibly a former rival of Umbrella, Mia was tasked with escorting a bio-weapon called Eveline to another facility. However, the tanker is attacked and crashes in a Louisianan swamp. Found by the Baker family, Eveline infects them, planning to start a family of its own, hence the reason Mia and the Bakers were its earliest known victims. However, Mia also briefly serves as an antagonist due to being infected by Eveline, causing her to attack her husband shortly after he found her in a holding cell beneath the house. Mia is seemingly "killed" by her husband in self-defense after having an axe plunged into her neck, but despite this, she isn't truly dead because of Eveline.

Both Mia and Ethan are taken by Jack Baker, and Mia recovers off screen. From that point on, Mia works with a woman called Zoe (who is revealed to be a Baker) and Ethan tries to save them by receiving hints from Zoe when she telephones him, while Ethan is having to deal with constant attacks perpetrated by the other Bakers. In some parts of the game, Mia is playable too, but sometimes she has to hide rather than confront enemies. After using a cure created by Zoe to kill Jack, Ethan must use the remaining vial to save either Mia or Zoe. Depending on a choice made by the player, Ethan can either cure Mia and attempt to escape with her, or choose Zoe, leaving her behind. After Ethan and the person he chose to save is attacked, the player once again takes control of Mia, searching the tanker for him. After freeing him, Mia will start to become possessed by Eveline again. Depending on the player's earlier decision, Mia will separate herself from Ethan to save him or allow Eveline to take control of her, forcing Ethan to kill her. If the former plays out, she will be recovered by Umbrella Corps mercenaries, reuniting with Ethan as the game ends.

Natalia Korda
Voiced by (English): Gabriella Pastore (Revelations 2)
Voiced by (Japanese): Aoi Yūki (Revelations 2)
A young girl who is a playable character in Resident Evil: Revelations 2. Natalia accompanies Barry Burton immediately when he arrives on an island to search for his missing daughter, Moira. Natalia explains that she is an orphan due to the death of her parents. Natalia can find items that are hidden, detect the presence of invisible or off-screen enemies (indicated by a glowing effect) and go through small passageways to reach otherwise unreachable areas. Since Natalia cannot use any firearms, she can pick up bricks to throw at any monsters, but often has to evade the monsters.

Alex Wesker targets Natalia throughout the course of the plot in order to mind transfer herself into her, believing she is not "true" like she is. Alex (when in a grotesque form near the climax of the game), causes Natalia's fear to reach its highest on her wrist bracelet, but it is not explained what happens to Natalia. In a prequel segment, Dark Natalia joined Natalia to help find "Lottie", Natalia's beloved teddy bear, and she then begins her association with Barry, now having the ability to see any monsters that Barry cannot always notice. In the true ending, it was revealed prior to Alex mutating into her third and final form that she was able to transfer her mind into Natalia's body up until the young girl's body had been fully taken over by Alex, in 2013. Barry adopts Natalia after Alex is killed, but she is seen reading a piece by Franz Kafka then smiling, so Alex succeeded to some degree.

Robert Kendo
Voiced by (English): Gary Krawford (RE2), Jason C. Miller (DC)
Voiced by (Japanese): Hideki Tanaka (REmake 2)
Robert Kendo is the owner of a gun store in Raccoon City. He and his brother Joseph are responsible for creating the Samurai Edge pistols used by S.T.A.R.S. members. In the original Resident Evil 2, he briefly appears in the opening of Scenario A, allowing the player to stay in his gunshop for protection. However, zombies soon break in and devour Kendo, leaving a weapon for the player to pick up. In the remake, Robert confronts Leon S. Kennedy and Ada Wong as they attempt to pass through the shop to reach the sewers. It's also revealed he has a daughter, Emma, who he tries to protect from the outbreak. However, she is infected and Robert is forced to kill her. Kendo also appears in the game's The Ghost Survivors DLC as the player character in "No Time to Mourn". A non-canonical scenario, it follows him as he attempts to escape Raccoon City.[90][91] He also appears in The Darkside Chronicles, though is killed offscreen before he encounters either Leon or Claire.

Steve Burnside
Voiced by: Bill Houston (Code Veronica), Sam Riegel (The Darkside Chronicles)
Steve Burnside (スティーブ・バーンサイド, Sutību Bānsaido) is Claire Redfield's partner in the game Resident Evil Code: Veronica. Steve was imprisoned in the Rockfort Island's facility alongside his father, a former Umbrella employee. He escapes from his cell during the viral outbreak. At first, Steve is hesitant to trust Claire and only cooperates with her reluctantly, but later becomes more open and attached to her after he is forced to kill his own father, who has become a zombie during the outbreak. Steve and Claire eventually end up in Umbrella's Antarctic Facility, where he is captured by Alexia and used as a test subject for the T-Veronica virus. Claire meets a chained Steve, who mutates into a monster and attacks Claire; in this form, he is nearly invulnerable to damage, and wields a giant, ceremonial axe. While running from Steve, Claire is attacked by one of Alexia's tentacles. Steve, seeing this, regains control of his mind and cuts the tentacle apart, freeing Claire. In retaliation, Alexia strikes him with one of the tentacles, inflicting a mortal wound. His failing body finally rejects the mutation, and he changes back. He dies in Claire's arms, just after professing his love to her. He was later taken by Albert Wesker due to the T-Veronica virus in his body, and also hinted that he might come back to life. In The Darkside Chronicles it is revealed that Wesker contacted the drug baron Javier Hidalgo and took a sample of T-Veronica from Steve's corpse in order to sell the virus for Hidalgo's ailing daughter, Manuela.

Zoe Baker
Voiced by (English): Giselle Gilbert (RE7)
Voiced by (Japanese): Yū Kobayashi (RE7)
Face model: Ananda Jacobs (RE7)[92]
Zoe is the youngest member of the Baker family in Resident Evil 7: Biohazard set in 2017, and despite being infected by Eveline like the rest of her family, Zoe is somewhat normal, and serves as a supporting character. Zoe gets in contact with Ethan Winters by telephone several times, asking Ethan if "Daddy" gave him a hard time, as well as giving him tips on how to advance through the area. She was also the person who attached Ethan's severed hand back on after his wife Mia had cut it off, when she temporarily turned crazy. Working alongside of Mia thereafter, Zoe explains to Ethan that due to being infected, a serum needs to be given to each of them before they can escape too. Unfortunately, Ethan has to use one of the two vials to stop the heavily mutated Jack Baker when he returned yet again to try to finish off Ethan, leaving only one dosage remaining. The player can then choose to cure either Mia or Zoe, leading to an alternate story playing out: If Mia is selected, Zoe stays behind to die with the rest of her family, displaying anger over the fact that she felt she never had a future. It is unknown if she is alive during this path, but she is seen during Ethan and Jack's conversation scene. If Zoe is chosen to be cured, she and Ethan try to escape. However, they are both attacked by Eveline, during which Zoe is engulfed by her, killing her.

In the Daughters downloadable content sub-chapter, players control Zoe Baker[93] just as her father rescues Mia and Eveline out in the swamp. Jack brings Eveline into their home during stormy weather to rest up in Lucas' bedroom, but as Zoe is about to change her wet clothes, Eveline looks up, saying, "They're mine now!" and then runs off, laughing maniacally. The power goes out at the same time. Eveline has begun converting the Bakers to her cause, as Zoe finds her mother has gone crazy and attempts to attack her. Jack tries to hold off Marguerite and tells Zoe to get rope from the garage, but by the time she comes back upstairs with it, Jack has already turned, trying to drown Marguerite in the bathtub, and Zoe has to escape through the recreation room as he gives chase. She also witnesses her father dragging Lucas along a hallway. This canonical prequel chapter is strategy based, as Zoe must flee from rather than fight her parents.[94] There's two possible endings: Zoe can either enter the trailer after finding out the passcode number from the attic to learn of the location of a key item, and finds Mia in her trailer, as well as an important note she wrote, or she can use the car keys given to her by her mother, which results in a poor ending due to the player choosing the "wrong path" for Zoe.[95]

Her uncle Joe finds Zoe and two Umbrella operatives who claim they are trying to save her. He takes one hostage, but he later gets killed by Jack. Joe fist fights his way through a marsh to locate a cure. He injects Zoe with some serum he took off a dead soldier, but it only partially heals her. Out in the swamp, he has to get the other half, and ultimately kill his brother, the very much alive, but horribly mutated Jack. Zoe is eventually completely cured after Jack is killed once and for all, and then Ethan contacts her, to reveal he kept his promise to send her help.[96]

[Some Rogue]

https://i.imgur.com/Iu7ZDJw.jpg

That's the virus you gotta be careful of.

[RichardCranium]

https://i.imgur.com/Iu7ZDJw.jpg

That's the virus you gotta be careful of.

Protect ya respiratory system.

[ClydeR]

Around 70 passengers booked on a China Southern Airlines flight from Nagoya, Japan to Shanghai refused to get on the plane when they found out 16 passengers from Wuhan, China were getting on the same plane. Worried that the Wuhan passengers could be infected with the new coronavirus – which has now killed 106 people and infected more than 4,500 people (but those numbers will will certainly climb within the next 24 hours, as they've been doing since the epidemic started last month) – the fearful passengers became angry and hostile. It took five hours for the airline to convince them to board the plane.

More... (https://boingboing.net/2020/01/28/70-passengers-refuse-to-board.html)


The question is why did the airline convince them to get on the plane? Why?

[Methais]

The question is why did the airline convince them to get on the plane? Why?

Because you’re stupid.

[ClydeR]

MANCHESTER, N.H. (KRON) – President Donald Trump on Monday took the stage at a campaign rally in Manchester hours before polls were set to open in its primary.

One of the main topics Trump addressed is the deadly coronavirus outbreak, which has claimed the lives of more than 1,000 people in mainland China.

At the rally, Trump told the crowd “in theory” that once the weather warms up “the virus” will “miraculously” go away come April.

“I hope that’s true,” Trump added. “But we’re doing great in our country.”

More... (https://fox40.com/2020/02/11/trump-says-coronavirus-will-miraculously-be-gone-by-april-once-the-weather-warms-up-tmw/)

I hope this theory doesn't hurt the value of my germ mask stockpile. I figure those masks will go for $50 each when the virus gets here.

[ClydeR]

Acting Deputy Homeland Security Secretary Ken Cuccinelli, who is the top member of President Trump's coronavirus task force, was having trouble accessing an online map produced by Johns Hopkins University of the virus' spread. So, he took to Twitter to ask if anyone else was having trouble with the website.

He quickly realized the map was behind a paywall, much to his chagrin. But while Cuccinelli expressed dismay over the university's decision to restrict access during a time of global concern, others pointed out that it was actually little more worrisome that the U.S. government's task force leader was struggling with such a simple issue in the first place. Tim O'Donnell

More... (https://theweek.com/speedreads/897826/member-trumps-coronavirus-task-force-asks-twitter-help-accessing-map-virus)


It was all in public on Twitter, as the head of the U.S. coronavirus task force asked how he could get past a newspaper's paywall to read about the spread of the virus.

What did I say about surgical masks? Remember? You should get in your car and go buy some tonight. Or you could just wait for the Trump administration to provide them when the virus gets here. I'm sure the task force is on top of it.

[ClydeR]

No need to worry..


https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ERkneYhUwAAEm6Y?format=png&name=small



Or is there a need to worry..


Americans should brace for the likelihood that the coronavirus will spread to communities in the United States, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention warned Tuesday.

"It's not so much of a question of if this will happen in this country any more but a question of when this will happen," said Dr. Nancy Messonnier, director of the National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases.

She said that public health officials have no idea whether the spread of the disease to the United States would be mild or severe, but that Americans should be ready for a significant disruption to their daily lives.

More... (https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/25/world/asia/coronavirus-news.html)


Federal and local health departments will need as many as 300 million masks for health care workers and additional ventilators for hospitals to prepare for a major outbreak of coronavirus, he said.



Why is the CDC contradicting Trump in public? He should fire her immediately, just like he did the entire NSC Global Health Security unit.

[ClydeR]

President Donald Trump is reportedly furious that stocks are plunging, believing that health officials’ warnings have spooked investors, The Washington Post reported Tuesday night, citing two people familiar with the president’s thinking.

The president has reportedly cautioned aides against forecasting the impact of the virus over fears that stocks could fall further, The Washington Post said.

More... (https://www.cnbc.com/2020/02/25/trump-is-reportedly-furious-with-the-plunging-stock-market-due-to-coronavirus-fears.html)


Cautioning isn't enough. He needs to be sure that woman has her priorities straight.

[Methais]

No need to worry..


https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ERkneYhUwAAEm6Y?format=png&name=small



Or is there a need to worry..







Why is the CDC contradicting Trump in public? He should fire her immediately, just like he did the entire NSC Global Health Security unit.

Apparently this was Rod Rosenstein's wife from what I was hearing earlier, and according to the CDC, she "went rogue" with this announcement.

TDS is a helluva drug.

EDIT: Also, you're retarded.

[ClydeR]

Apparently this was Rod Rosenstein's wife



Very interesting. She's actually his sister, but that's interesting nonetheless. I bet she tingles Trump's spider sense.

[Methais]

Very interesting. She's actually his sister, but that's interesting nonetheless. I bet she tingles Trump's spider sense.

I was still waking up when I heard it, so they probably did say sister.

You're still big gaylord though.

[Realk]

the two things i got from this thread, 1: Super curious why Chrome asked me if I needed help translating. The reasoning for that was soon known.. 2: Anyone know of a playstation1 emulator so I can play the original resident evils?

[Methais]

the two things i got from this thread, 1: Super curious why Chrome asked me if I needed help translating. The reasoning for that was soon known.. 2: Anyone know of a playstation1 emulator so I can play the original resident evils?

http://www.emulator-zone.com/doc.php/psx/

[Tgo01]

Well the media did it, they went ahead and blamed Trump for the coronavirus outbreak.

Here is a tweet from "journalist" Brian Stelter:

"Since the dawn of the Trump era, countless experts have warned that the president's lack of credibility would imperil the country in the event of an emergency.

As the coronavirus outbreak worsens, those fears may be coming true..."

Yeah...yeah that's it. Trump's "credibility" is why the coronavirus is "imperiling" the US.

[Methais]

Well the media did it, they went ahead and blamed Trump for the coronavirus outbreak.

Here is a tweet from "journalist" Brian Stelter:

"Since the dawn of the Trump era, countless experts have warned that the president's lack of credibility would imperil the country in the event of an emergency.

As the coronavirus outbreak worsens, those fears may be coming true..."

Yeah...yeah that's it. Trump's "credibility" is why the coronavirus is "imperiling" the US.

Here's another gem in the replies:

https://i.imgur.com/h0MO1ST.png (https://twitter.com/twhusky85/status/1232785602971607042)

[Gelston]

Here's another gem in the replies:

https://i.imgur.com/h0MO1ST.png (https://twitter.com/twhusky85/status/1232785602971607042)

Is that Keller's twitter account?

[Tgo01]

Here's another gem in the replies:

https://i.imgur.com/h0MO1ST.png (https://twitter.com/twhusky85/status/1232785602971607042)

Honestly wouldn't surprise me if a few crazy Bernie Bros got infected and purposefully infected as many people as possible to try and make Trump look bad.

[Parkbandit]

Here's another gem in the replies:

https://i.imgur.com/h0MO1ST.png (https://twitter.com/twhusky85/status/1232785602971607042)

TheLaughingMan sounds like Keller.

And he is a real shitty person.

[Parkbandit]

Is that Keller's twitter account?

FUCK YOU FUCK FUCK FUCK YOU

[Methais]

TheLaughingMan sounds like Keller.

And he is a real shitty person.

TheLaughingMan is calling out the other guy for being a shitty person, not posting his own beliefs.


Is that Keller's twitter account?

Yes.

[Parkbandit]

TheLaughingMan is calling out the other guy for being a shitty person, not posting his own beliefs.

Oh yea.. it was Tracy Wheeler.

I'm gonna go read some more precious gems from this intellectual powerhouse...

[Tgo01]

Can't possibly imagine why Trump calls the fake news the enemy of the people:

https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/26/opinion/coronavirus-trump.html


Let’s Call It Trumpvirus

If you’re feeling awful, you know who to blame.

[audioserf]

Wu-Han Flu ain't nothin' ta fuck wit'

[Tisket]

My zenni.com glasses were delayed a week because the frames were manufactured in China.

I've got them now though so I can rise from my fainting couch and soldier on.

[ClydeR]

Two developments make me think we might not have as many cases of coronavirus in this country as initially feared. First, Trump has banned government health officials from speaking about the virus. Second, the administration is making it nearly impossible for hospitals to test patients for the disease. Hospitals have to get permission from the CDC before testing, and so far they aren't approving many tests.

Even though we may officially not have a problem, I still think it would be a good idea to stock up on face masks, just in case you come into contact with someone who has an unofficial infection.


WASHINGTON - The White House moved on Thursday to tighten control of coronavirus messaging by government health officials and scientists, directing them to coordinate all statements and public appearances with the office of Vice President Mike Pence, according to several officials familiar with the new approach.

More... (https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/27/us/politics/us-coronavirus-pence.html)

[Ashlander]

My zenni.com glasses were delayed a week because the frames were manufactured in China.

I've got them now though so I can rise from my fainting couch and soldier on.

Into quarantine she goes!

[Methais]

Wu-Han Flu ain't nothin' ta fuck wit'

Flu Tang Clan is not to be fucked with at all.

[Parkbandit]

Remember when people were freaking out about Ebola and Zeka?

This is the same thing. People are stupid.

[Neveragain]

Spends 4 years defending illegal entry into the country.

https://imgflip.com/s/meme/College-Liberal.jpg

Blames Trump for pandemic.

[Neveragain]

Dumps sewage on public roads.

https://www.11alive.com/img/resize/wxia-download.edgesuite.net/video/2396526/2396526_Still.jpg?mode=pad&bgcolor=000000&scale=both&width=1140&height=641


Blames Trump for pandemic.

[Neveragain]

Takes a dump in aisle 1.

https://pcmdnews.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/sanfranshitter.png

Blames Trump for pandemic.

[Methais]

Takes a dump in aisle 1.

https://pcmdnews.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/sanfranshitter.png

Blames Trump for pandemic.

I was going to ask if this was in SF, but then I saw the link and now I don't need to ask anymore.

By SF I mean Stormfront of course.

Wizard 4 lyfe.

[Tisket]

Remember when people were freaking out about Ebola and Zeka?

This is the same thing. People are stupid.

Androidpk must be creaming his pants. He was so excited at the idea of an Ebola pandemic a few years ago.

[Methais]

Androidpk must be creaming his pants. He was so excited at the idea of an Ebola pandemic a few years ago.

That's because Androidpk is actual Ebola.

[Parkbandit]

Androidpk must be creaming his pants. He was so excited at the idea of an Ebola pandemic a few years ago.

First Sanders said he's going to legalize pot.. now maybe a pandemic that could kill a couple people? He's having the best day of his "life".

[drauz]

https://66.media.tumblr.com/68cf16f17d450dc93145e5f3490fa09d/435a4e8cacf33951-e5/s500x750/79fdd387e8dc522992fd9425c69fd8f242923d33.gifv

[Archigeek]

Takes a dump in aisle 1.

https://pcmdnews.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/sanfranshitter.png

Blames Trump for pandemic.

That's not aisle #1.

It's #2

[Methais]

That's not aisle #1.

It's #2

You go #2 on aisle #1 because aisle #2 is where they would look for #2 first.

If you go on aisle #1, that buys you time to sneak out before they see you.

EDIT: This is ignoring shart law that says you can go #1 without going #2 but you can't go #2 without also going #1, in which case aisle #4 or higher would be your best bet because 1+2=3.

https://media.giphy.com/media/d3mlE7uhX8KFgEmY/giphy.gif

[Neveragain]

That's not aisle #1.

It's #2

I'm more concerned that he chose the aisle containing all the beverages.

[Neveragain]

https://66.media.tumblr.com/68cf16f17d450dc93145e5f3490fa09d/435a4e8cacf33951-e5/s500x750/79fdd387e8dc522992fd9425c69fd8f242923d33.gifv

Dwight's white blood cells are the cure for coronavirus.

https://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/1212841876895813632/4mzarqqS_400x400.jpg

[Methais]

Dwight's white blood cells are the cure for coronavirus.

https://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/1212841876895813632/4mzarqqS_400x400.jpg

Fun fact: Every beet grown on Schrute Farms also contains Dwight's white blood cells.

[Archigeek]

You go #2 on aisle #1 because aisle #2 is where they would look for #2 first.

If you go on aisle #1, that buys you time to sneak out before they see you.

EDIT: This is ignoring shart law that says you can go #1 without going #2 but you can't go #2 without also going #1, in which case aisle #4 or higher would be your best bet because 1+2=3.

https://media.giphy.com/media/d3mlE7uhX8KFgEmY/giphy.gif

You're right. I did not take Shart's Law into account.

I'm still unsure why you would go #2 that close to the checkout counter. It seems more like a back door action.

[Methais]

You're right. I did not take Shart's Law into account.

I'm still unsure why you would go #2 that close to the checkout counter. It seems more like a back door action.

They're used to just shitting wherever they feel like in San Francisco. I'm surprised they didn't shit at the checkout line.

[Neveragain]

https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ER5F-Y5W4AIcFaR?format=jpg&name=900x900

[Tisket]

That's because Androidpk is actual Ebola.

Nah, he's like the human version of a low-grade cold. He leaves you feeling slightly gross and rundown, and in need of a shower.

[Slider]

Hilarious watching the Dems lose their shit (again) over this and blame it all on Trump. They have even, shocker, lied about Trump having cut the budget at the CDC which did not happen btw. I have to say, when even the AP calls out the Dems for being full of shit, they really need to be called on it.

https://apnews.com/d36d6c4de29f4d04beda3db00cb46104

[Parkbandit]

Hilarious watching the Dems lose their shit (again) over this and blame it all on Trump. They have even, shocker, lied about Trump having cut the budget at the CDC which did not happen btw. I have to say, when even the AP calls out the Dems for being full of shit, they really need to be called on it.

https://apnews.com/d36d6c4de29f4d04beda3db00cb46104

When are the Dems NOT being full of shit though?

[Methais]

When are the Dems NOT being full of shit though?

Whenever BacKKKlash is doing smart things.

[Realk]

After they find isle 4

[Alfster]

https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ER5F-Y5W4AIcFaR?format=jpg&name=900x900

Fake news man

[ClydeR]

HHS Secretary Alex Azar..


The president, though, is also trying to keep balance in messaging so that the American people don't engage in unwarranted panic. For instance, people running out and buying face masks. That's not needed. That's indicated. We don't recommend it. It actually can be harmful to individuals in an infection situation.

More... (https://www.foxnews.com/transcript/hhs-secretary-alex-azar-gives-coronavirus-update-on-fox-news-sunday)

On Fox News Sunday this morning, HHS Secretary Azar said people should not buy face masks to protect themselves from the coronavirus. What he said is just not true. I guarantee you that if there were enough face masks for everybody, he would be saying the opposite. If you are around someone who has or may have the coronavirus, or if you are in an area where the virus is widespread among the population, a face mask will significantly reduce the probability that you will be infected. A shortage of face masks is not a justification to lie about it. For shame.

[Tgo01]

HHS Secretary Alex Azar..



On Fox News Sunday this morning, HHS Secretary Azar said people should not buy face masks to protect themselves from the coronavirus. What he said is just not true. I guarantee you that if there were enough face masks for everybody, he would be saying the opposite. If you are around someone who has or may have the coronavirus, or if you are in an area where the virus is widespread among the population, a face mask will significantly reduce the probability that you will be infected. A shortage of face masks is not a justification to lie about it. For shame.

Stop being a piece of shit about something so serious. Face masks will do almost nothing to PROTECT you from being infected for several reasons:

1) The virus can probably enter your body through your eyes
2) A face mask isn't designed to prevent viruses from getting through, you need much better face protection than that.
3) Even though a face mask can help A LITTLE, it does next to nothing if people don't wear them correctly, and most people won't.
4) Given the above face masks can make the situation worse because it gives people a false sense of security and therefore they might do more stupid shit than they otherwise would have.

Face masks can help IF YOU ARE SICK, then your disgusting droplets via coughing, sneezing, etc, would most likely not spread as far with a face mask as opposed to without.

[Neveragain]

Stop being a piece of shit about something so serious. Face masks will do almost nothing to PROTECT you from being infected for several reasons:

1) The virus can probably enter your body through your eyes
2) A face mask isn't designed to prevent viruses from getting through, you need much better face protection than that.
3) Even though a face mask can help A LITTLE, it does next to nothing if people don't wear them correctly, and most people won't.
4) Given the above face masks can make the situation worse because it gives people a false sense of security and therefore they might do more stupid shit than they otherwise would have.

Face masks can help IF YOU ARE SICK, then your disgusting droplets via coughing, sneezing, etc, would most likely not spread as far with a face mask as opposed to without.

The media turning 2 deaths and 88 infections into mass hysteria is sickening.

[Ardwen]

How many case til hysteria is okay, learning that the US is vastly behind on actual testing, and was blocking potential cases from being tested at all if they weren't "bad" enough is pretty ridiculous. The actual number in the US is very likely much larger. And seeing how fast it has progressed in Italy it is possible worrying is actually warranted. If as the NIH expert claims, and 15-20 percent of people that get it need hospitalization it will fairly rapidly overwhelm hospitals in parts the country that have had hospital closures. Especially if, as is happening in China and Korea, doctors and nurses catch it. Two days 35 percent US case increase, do the math. How many of you can afford a month off work, with no school or group gathering in public? Is it likely, no, is it possible, yes. Living near Boston, I saw more then half of the Co=Workers that were heading to PAX East in Boston cancel because they were worried about being in a very crowded indoor area.

[Gelston]

How many case til hysteria is okay, learning that the US is vastly behind on actual testing, and was blocking potential cases from being tested at all if they weren't "bad" enough is pretty ridiculous. The actual number in the US is very likely much larger. And seeing how fast it has progressed in Italy it is possible worrying is actually warranted. If as the NIH expert claims, and 15-20 percent of people that get it need hospitalization it will fairly rapidly overwhelm hospitals in parts the country that have had hospital closures. Especially if, as is happening in China and Korea, doctors and nurses catch it. Two days 35 percent US case increase, do the math. How many of you can afford a month off work, with no school or group gathering in public? Is it likely, no, is it possible, yes. Living near Boston, I saw more then half of the Co=Workers that were heading to PAX East in Boston cancel because they were worried about being in a very crowded indoor area.

How many cases until mass hysteria is okay? Um, never? Mass hysteria is never okay, although I'd expect more cases and deaths than the average yearly flu before people get all scared about it.

Lets face it though, even if there was a COVID-19 vaccine, half you fuckers wouldn't get it.

[Ardwen]

Odd, you seem to have added the word mass to my comments, when they are refusing to test people, the test they actually are using is apparently flawed and came form a lab they are now investigating for serious issues and they force the actual experts to get permission from political hacks before saying anything then yes I would say there is serious reason for concern. Interesting combative post though. Nice to see the bit at the end where you apparently don't want people with different opinions then you to get the vaccine.

[Methais]

How many case til hysteria is okay, learning that the US is vastly behind on actual testing, and was blocking potential cases from being tested at all if they weren't "bad" enough is pretty ridiculous. The actual number in the US is very likely much larger. And seeing how fast it has progressed in Italy it is possible worrying is actually warranted. If as the NIH expert claims, and 15-20 percent of people that get it need hospitalization it will fairly rapidly overwhelm hospitals in parts the country that have had hospital closures. Especially if, as is happening in China and Korea, doctors and nurses catch it. Two days 35 percent US case increase, do the math. How many of you can afford a month off work, with no school or group gathering in public? Is it likely, no, is it possible, yes. Living near Boston, I saw more then half of the Co=Workers that were heading to PAX East in Boston cancel because they were worried about being in a very crowded indoor area.

Does Italy have any type of border control? Asking for a friend.

[Ardwen]

Border control helps how if the illness is already in the nation? Especially if like in Italy's case they aren't even sure how or when it got there. Global travel takes mere hours now, cross contamination is exceptionally easy in today's world. When they order the entire Pacific Fleet to self quarantine the issue is far wider then is being reported, not all of the fleet had contact with infected nations after all.

[Gelston]

Odd, you seem to have added the word mass to my comments, when they are refusing to test people, the test they actually are using is apparently flawed and came form a lab they are now investigating for serious issues and they force the actual experts to get permission from political hacks before saying anything then yes I would say there is serious reason for concern. Interesting combative post though. Nice to see the bit at the end where you apparently don't want people with different opinions then you to get the vaccine.

Odd, you removed mass from the post you were replying to. Hysteria is never okay, mass or not. It means you are panicked and making uninformed and unintelligent choices.

[Neveragain]

Odd, you removed mass from the post you were replying to. Hysteria is never okay, mass or not. It means you are panicked and making uninformed and unintelligent choices.

Panic, as in costing investors and 401k holders $3.18 trillion in losses. That kind of panic?

[Gelston]

Panic, as in costing investors and 401k holders $3.18 trillion in losses. That kind of panic?

I don't know why you're asking me that question.

[Neveragain]

I don't know why you're asking me that question.

I was basically agreeing with you.

[Gelston]

I was basically agreeing with you.

Ah. Yeah, I have no idea why Ardwen thinks there is some point where it is good to be irrational. I guess leftist generally are irrational anyways.

[ClydeR]

Panic, as in costing investors and 401k holders $3.18 trillion in losses. That kind of panic?


Panic? Stock values are driven by earnings. If anticipated future earnings decline, so should stock prices. Anticipated future earnings have certainly declined. Just do a news search for "economic report."

[ClydeR]

Face masks will do almost nothing to PROTECT you from being infected for several reasons:



Dear Mask Hater,

Don't trust the government, not even when the President is as trustworthy as Donald Trump. Remember when the federal government told New Yorkers their air was safe after 9/11?



Studies Show Masks Do Help

For many years, scientists weren't sure if wearing a mask was effective at preventing the spread of viruses. However, recent studies suggest that they can help.

First, . . . .

More... (https://www.healthline.com/health/cold-flu/mask)

For most people in an area with an outbreak, a mask would only slightly reduce the probability of infection. But in a closely confined space with strangers, like on a subway, then a mask will be more helpful. And if you will be living with or caring for an infected person, then masks are essential.

The studies cited in the article related to the flu. This coronavirus seems to be more contagious than most flu variants. Does that mean a mask would be more helpful or less helpful than when facing a flu outbreak? Also, this coronavirus is more deadly than the flu. What does that fact suggest about masks?




Here's a good video..


https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5M7saVTtBQI
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5M7saVTtBQI

[Gelston]

Panic? Stock values are driven by earnings. If anticipated future earnings decline, so should stock prices. Anticipated future earnings have certainly declined. Just do a news search for "economic report."

no one reads any of your posts seriously.

[Murrandii]

This is correct.

This is also correct:

Umbrella Corporation
"Umbrella Corporation" and "Umbrella Corp." redirect here. For the spin-off video game in the series, see Umbrella Corps.
Umbrella Corporation
Umbrella Corporation logo.svg
"Our Business Is Life Itself"
The fictional slogan and symbol of Umbrella Corporation from the Resident Evil franchise
Type
Corporation and laboratory
Industry Pharmaceutical
Founded 1968
Founder Oswell E. Spencer
Headquarters Raccoon City, United States
Products
Computers
Pharmaceutical
Medical supplies
Consumer products
Genetic engineering
Urban Pacification Tools
Military grade hardware
Food products
Cosmetics
The Umbrella Corporation is an international pharmaceutical company in the Resident Evil universe. Founded in 1968 by prominent British royal descendants Oswell E. Spencer and Edward Ashford, along with Dr. James Marcus, it is portrayed in the series as a major international player in pharmaceutical goods and medical supplies, along with more clandestine operations utilizing genetic engineering. Their legitimate status is only a front for their secret research of "bio-organic weapons" (B.O.W.s), developed through the use of a unique virus discovered by the company founders.[3] The company is also presented as having a more public face, producing cosmetics, consumer products, and foods. Umbrella established multiple secret research facilities to help develop various bio-weapons. Its most prominent research facility is located in the Arklay Mountains, just outside Raccoon City, which was able to develop the "T-virus", a powerful mutagen that could dramatically alter living and recently dead organisms. The virus leaked and contaminated most of the Arklay Facility and its surrounding area, setting the stage for the first Resident Evil game. Following the destruction of Raccoon City, all of Umbrella's assets were frozen by the U.S. Government and its trading rights were revoked, effectively terminating its operations. However, it did not stop the rise of several bioterrorist organizations around the world, some of them making use of its research, leading to the foundation of B.S.A.A. In Resident Evil 7: Biohazard, it is revealed that Umbrella has been reinstated and seemingly reformed as a mercenary group.

Oswell E. Spencer
Voiced by: Adam D. Clark (RE5)
Motion capture: Adam D. Clark (RE5)
Oswell E. Spencer (オズウェル・E・スペンサー, Ozuweru E Supensā) is one of Resident Evil's most mysterious characters. In the series, he is the owner and co-founder of the Umbrella Corporation, a pharmaceutical drug company that secretly manufactures bio-organic weapons.[4] His colleagues, James Marcus and Edward Ashford, join his company, but they show more interest in studying the newly discovered Progenitor virus.[4] Eventually, Edward Ashford dies, and Spencer seizes control of the company and its research by sending his subordinates, Albert Wesker and William Birkin, to assassinate Marcus.[5][6] Spencer conducts some of his company’s research in the Arklay Research Facility, located in the Arklay Mountains. He hires George Trevor, a famous architect, to construct a mansion to conceal the facility.[7] Spencer's plans progress smoothly, until Marcus returns from the dead,[8] and begins to seek revenge with the help of his test subjects. Marcus destroys one of Spencer’s luxury trains, and causes a viral outbreak in the Arklay Research Facility.[9] The outbreak spreads throughout the region, sparking the events of Resident Evil Zero and the original Resident Evil. The virus subsequently spreads to Raccoon City during the events of Resident Evil 2 and Resident Evil 3: Nemesis, prompting the U.S. government to attempt to contain the outbreak by ordering the destruction of the city.[10] After the city's destruction, Spencer attempts to disguise the incident as a government conspiracy by hiring top lawyers and false witnesses. His actions prolong the legal proceedings, and allow the Umbrella Corporation to stay afloat for five more years. Ultimately, Wesker betrays Spencer by handing over secret documents to the U.S. government,[11] and seals Spencer's doom by personally testifying against him in court. Umbrella's business license is summarily suspended, and the U.S. government works swiftly to dismantle the remains of the organization.[12] After Umbrella's public fall from grace, Spencer retreats to his mansion in Europe. He is eventually located by Chris Redfield and Jill Valentine prior to the events of Resident Evil 5, but is swiftly killed by Wesker before the two can reach him. His first name is written as Oswell in the original version, but misspelled as "Ozwell" in the English version.

UBCS
One of Umbrella's subsidiaries is UBCS (Umbrella Biohazard Countermeasure Service), a private military company with a highly trained security force composed of mostly war criminals and exiled soldiers[13] and capable of rescue and reconnaissance paramilitary operations. The corporation also uses its top-secret special forces group to secure and protect its assets and high-profile employees.

Carlos Oliveira
Voiced by (English): Vince Corazza (RE3), Scott McNeil (Under the Skin), Kim Strauss (The Umbrella Chronicles), Gideon Emery (Operation Raccoon City)
Voiced by (Japanese): Shoto Kashii (Under the Skin), Hiroki Yasumoto (Operation Raccoon City)
Played by: Oded Fehr (Apocalypse, Extinction, Retribution)
Carlos Oliveira (カルロス・オリヴェイラ, Karurosu Orivueira), the second main character of Resident Evil 3,[13] is a mercenary and a former member of a South American communist guerrilla group. After the government forces wiped out his organization, Carlos was scouted out by the Umbrella Corporation to join Umbrella's UBCS. He joined the force and was assigned to Delta Platoon, Company A (serving alongside Nicholai Ginovaef and Mikhail Victor), which was in charge of heavy firearms and weapons maintenance.[13] Despite his violent background, he is warm-hearted and known for joking around.[14] In Resident Evil 3, Carlos assists Jill Valentine throughout the game as the two of them attempt to escape Raccoon City. At one point Jill becomes infected by the T-virus after a battle with The Nemesis. At this point Carlos becomes playable so that the player can prepare a vaccine for Jill. Ultimately he is successful in escaping the city along with Jill. He reprises his role in The Umbrella Chronicles, where the events of Resident Evil 3 are revisited in the "Raccoon's Destruction" scenario, in which Carlos is a playable character alongside Jill Valentine.

In the live action films his name is spelled Olivera, indicating a character background change from Brazil (Portuguese, "Oliveira") to a Hispanic country (Spanish, "Olivera"). In the second film he is briefly infected with the T-virus, but Alice is able to find a sample of the antivirus in time to cure him. In the third film, he and Alice parted company five years ago when Alice sought to protect her allies from the Umbrella satellites tracking her, but they meet again when he is travelling with a convoy led by Claire Redfield. When Carlos is bitten during an attempt to capture Alice, he volunteers to mount a suicide run on the umbrella complex tracking Alice after it takes a series of prisoners from the convoy, reasoning that there is no time to get a sample of the antivirus before the infection becomes permanent, taking a fuel tanker into the mass of zombies surrounding the base and then setting off a series of bombs, taking out a sizeable number of zombies and breaching the complex defenses.

Mikhail Victor
Voiced by: Benedict Campbell (RE3)
Mikhail Victor (ミハイル・ヴィクトール, Mihairu Vikutōru) is the leader of the UBCS Delta platoon that both Nicholai and Carlos are members of. According to his backstory, Mikhail is from Saint Petersburg, Russia, and had originally served in the army before joining a rebel group. Mikhail was eventually arrested by Russian government forces and convicted for acts of terrorism. He was then coerced into leading the UBCS in exchange for his men's freedom.[15] In the game, he appears already wounded, choosing to sacrifice his own life to save Jill and Carlos as he dies after being blown apart by his own grenade in a failed attempt to destroy the Nemesis. In an early draft of the story, Mikhail was originally scripted to be Nicholai's older brother, hence their common nationality and close ages (his original name was Mikhail Ginovaef).[15] He is the only one of the main UBCS operatives not to appear in the film Resident Evil: Apocalypse, where he is replaced by an original character named Yuri Loginova.

Nikolai Zinoviev
Voiced by (English): Roger Honeywell (RE3), Rick D. Wasserman (Operation Raccoon City)
Voiced by (Japanese): Kenta Miyake (Operation Raccoon City)
Played by: Zack Ward (Apocalypse)
Nicholai Ginovaef (ニコライ・ジノビエフ, Nikorai Jinobiefu, a mistransliteration of the actual Russian name "Nikolai Zinoviev") is a member of the UBCS Delta platoon, Company B. According to his backstory, Nicholai is from Moscow and served in the Russian Spetsnaz before joining the UBCS. He also has an unspoken rivalry with HUNK from Resident Evil 2. Nikolai meets Jill as one of the few surviving operatives from the Delta platoon, along with Carlos and Mikhail. He disappears after an event in the first half of the game and is presumed dead until another encounter with him. Nikolai is in fact one of the Supervisors UBCS operatives assigned to watch and gather combat data as their comrades fight against Umbrella's bio-weapons. Nicholai's fate varies depending on which route the player takes. In one scene, he is slaughtered by the Nemesis and his corpse is left hanging in an air duct. Another possible outcome shows Nicholai stealing Jill's intended escape helicopter. At this point, the player has the option of attempting to negotiate with him, in which he escapes from the city successfully, or choose to fight back against Nikolai, destroying the helicopter along with him. The English localization of Resident Evil Survivor features a document supposedly authored by Nicholai after the events of Nemesis. The file is different in the original Japanese version and the Chinese localization of the PC port. The third entry of the document (the portion dated after the events of Nemesis) was actually authored by the "Umbrella B.O.W. Development Staff", rather than Nikolai.[16] Nikolai also appears in Resident Evil Outbreak in the final scenario "Decisions, Decisions" which depicts the character conducting another mission occurring during the same time period as the second half of Resident Evil 3. He is mentioned in The Umbrella Chronicles, where he is referred to by the codename "Silver Fox". Nicholai's role in Resident Evil: Operation Raccoon City was stopping Wolfpack from completing their mission objective. The character was adapted for the film Resident Evil: Apocalypse, although the film features a more heroic depiction of Nikolai, which differs from the game's original antagonistic portrayal of the character. In the film's novelization, he was renamed Nicholai Sokolov. Nicholai is ultimately torn to shreds by zombie dogs while holding them off so Alice and Jill can escape.

Sergei Vladimir
Voiced by: Patrick Seitz (The Umbrella Chronicles)
Sergei Vladimir (セルゲイ・ウラジミール, Serugei Urajimīru) is a high-ranking Russian employee of Umbrella and the main antagonist of Resident Evil: The Umbrella Chronicles. Following the fall of the Soviet Union, he approached the Umbrella Corporation and quickly became one of the company's top officers. He became personally acquainted with Umbrella's founder, Ozwell E. Spencer, who began to rely on Sergei as a loyal and effective enforcer. Sergei subsequently formed and led Umbrella's UBCS,[17] as well as Umbrella's internal espionage organization, Monitor. Agents that answered directly to Sergei included the likes of Nicholai Ginovaef. Sergei undertakes the Umbrella Corporation's most important tasks through the Resident Evil series, including stealing the Red Queen from the Arklay Research Facility, extracting an Umbrella executive from Raccoon City before its destruction, and securing important research information.[18] Sergei is killed by Albert Wesker while attempting to prevent him from stealing a database containing the Umbrella Corporations most important documents and research data.[19]

USS
The Umbrella Security Service were first introduced in Resident Evil 2. USS Alpha team attempted to steal a sample of the G-virus, causing the citywide outbreak in the game. Delta team appeared in the prequel Resident Evil Zero, in which the team was sent in to blow up the Ecliptic Express after the trouble occurred, but was overwhelmed by the leeches and wiped out. Delta team was under the direct command of Wesker and Birkin. According to Code: Veronica, USFU agents were trained at the Rockfort Island facility.

Ghost
"Ghost" is an Umbrella Secret Service (USS) soldier that was made playable in Resident Evil 2 (2019 version) in a mode called The Ghost Survivors. Little is known about him as a person, but he does not survive long enough to get out of Raccoon City. He has to contend with zombies covered in armour. His story is told in a chapter, referred to as "Forgotten Soldier".[20]

HUNK
Voiced by (English): Keith Silverstein (The Umbrella Chronicles, The Darkside Chronicles, Operation Raccoon City, Revelations, REmake 2)
Voiced by (Japanese): Masaki Terasoma (Operation Raccoon City, Revelations, REmake 2)
HUNK (ハンク, HANKU) is a member of the Umbrella Security Service Unit in Resident Evil 2.[21] He is also known as "Mr. Death" for being the sole survivor of several operations.[22] HUNK appears in Resident Evil 2 and is playable in a secret minigame entitled "4th Survivor". This short scenario entails HUNK's journey to escape Raccoon City, beginning with his awakening in the sewers and eventually leading to his extraction from the city. He is the only member of his unit to survive the attack of the mutated William Birkin that takes place shortly after he secured a sample of the G-virus for Umbrella.[21] He reappears in The Umbrella Chronicles, in a remake of the "4th Survivor" scenario where the player must reach the helipad for extraction from Raccoon City, and during the "Memories of a Lost City" scenario in Resident Evil: The Darkside Chronicles.[23] HUNK is playable in the "Mercenaries" minigame in Resident Evil 4, but has no relation to the story.[23] HUNK appears as a side character in Resident Evil: Operation Raccoon City, where he works with other Umbrella Security Service operatives to recover a sample of the G-virus prior to the events of Resident Evil 2. He is also a playable character in Resident Evil: The Mercenaries 3D, Resident Evil Revelations, and Resident Evil Revelations 2.

Umbrella Corps
The Umbrella Corps, also known as Blue Umbrella, are a newly formed Mercenary group working on a newly reformed Umbrella Corporation, whose objective is to carry out extraction missions requested from several pharmaceutical companies. They all serve as the main protagonists in Umbrella Corps and play a vital role in Resident Evil 7: Biohazard.

Veronica
She assists Chris Redfield via radio during Umbrella's mission depicted in Not a Hero, a downloadable chapter for Resident Evil 7: Biohazard.[24] Her role is essentially similar to Hunnigan from Resident Evil 4.[25]

3A7
Voiced by: D. C. Douglas
Notable researchers
Alexia Ashford
Voiced by: Leila Johnson (Code Veronica), Karen Strassman (The Darkside Chronicles)
Alexia Ashford (アレクシア・アシュフォード, Arekushia Ashufōdo) is the primary antagonist of Resident Evil Code: Veronica. Along with her twin brother, Alfred, she is the product of an experiment by her father, the Umbrella's chief senior virologist researcher, Alexander (the son of the corporation's deceased co-founder Edward Ashford; he was later himself turned by Alexia into an undead monster called Nosferatu). The genetic material of her ancestor Veronica Ashford was inserted into an embryo and implanted in a surrogate mother in an attempt to reproduce Veronica's legendary intelligence and beauty. Having successfully inherited these traits, Alexia sought to become an unstoppable world dictator by injecting herself with the T-Veronica Virus and freezing herself for several years in order to retain her own personality and allow her body to control the virus, rather than vice versa. She awakes during the events of Code Veronica, after her brother Alfred dies. In revenge for this, she sends one of her tentacle monsters to capture Claire and Steve, experimenting on the latter and turning him into a large monster. She is confronted by Albert Wesker towards the end of the game and mutates into her first form. The two battle each other and she drives him off, but is then defeated by Chris. She revives and appears at the very end of the game as the last boss, mutating into another 2 forms before Chris kills her for good with the Linear Launcher.

In 2009, IGN ranked her as the series' most fearsome villain.[26]

Annette Birkin
Voiced by (English): Jennifer Dale (RE2), Deborah Sale Butler (DC), Karen Strassman (REmake 2)
Voiced by (Japanese): Marika Hayashi (REmake 2)
Motion capture: Keren Strassman (REmake 2)
Annette Birkin (アネット・バーキン, Anetto Bākin) is a supporting character in Resident Evil 2. She is involved in Bio Organic Weapon research at Umbrella, working with her husband William to create the G-Virus. During the Raccoon City outbreak, Annette works to stop Umbrella's experiments from spreading further into the city. She leaves their daughter Sherry at the Raccoon Police Department with a pendant containing the virus, hoping Irons can protect her. During the game's events, Annette helps Claire cure Sherry's G-virus infection and reveals Ada's true motives to Leon. She is fatally injured, forcing them to leave her behind. Annette appears in the game's remake, maintaining the same role as in the original game, and its retelling in The Darkside Chronicles.

James Marcus
Played by: Mark Simpson (RE: TFC)
James Marcus (ジェームス・マーカス, Jēmusu Mākasu) is one of the primary antagonists in the Resident Evil Series. Years before the events of the first Resident Evil, he was one of the top virologist researchers of the Umbrella Corporation and a head of its personnel training facility, personally appointed by Ozwell E. Spencer to work with the Mother virus. In this capacity, Marcus played an integral role in developing the T-virus and the Tyrant and Nemesis programs, also conducting extensive research on leeches that led to the development of the G-virus, up until his sudden disappearance in 1988.[27] Spencer betrayed him by sending Marcus' direct subordinates, Albert Wesker and William Birkin, to murder him and steal his research.[5] Approximately a decade later, Marcus rose from the dead with the aid of his leeches.[8] He exacts his vengeance upon Spencer by contaminating the Spencer Mansion, one of the Umbrella Corporation's secret research facilities, with the T-virus, which trigger the events of the first Resident Evil game.[9] Marcus plays a larger role in the game's prequel, Resident Evil Zero, which details the accounts of his resurrection, vendetta, and ultimate downfall at the hands of Rebecca Chambers and Billy Coen. He also appears in The Umbrella Chronicles.[28]

William Birkin
Voiced by (English): Diego Matamoros (RE2), T.J. Rotolo (The Darkside Chronicles, Operation Raccoon City, REmake 2)
Voiced by (Japanese): Toshihiko Seki (Operation Raccoon City, 0, REmake 2)
Motion capture: T.J. Rotolo (REmake 2)
Played by: Jason Isaacs (RE)
William Birkin (ウィリアム・バーキン, Wiriamu Bākin) is one of the main antagonists in the Resident Evil series, specifically Resident Evil 2. After completing his G-virus project, he is mortally wounded by agents of the Umbrella Special Forces and his work is stolen. Left for dead, he injects himself with the G-virus, thus turning himself into a monster known as "G". He then kills his attackers, causing a T-virus vial to be leaked into the city's drainage system, resulting in the zombie outbreak in Raccoon City. During the course of the game, he encounters the main characters, Claire Redfield and Leon S. Kennedy, as he undergoes gradual mutation and begins losing any resemblance of his original human form. He is eventually defeated by Claire and Leon, with the help of his daughter Sherry. Birkin is mentioned in Wesker's Report as the scientist who helped Wesker fake his death and is retroactively mentioned in the GameCube remake of the first Resident Evil. He also makes an appearance in Resident Evil Zero, where he assists Wesker from behind the scenes, and also appears in a cutscene in The Umbrella Chronicles along with Albert Wesker.[29] In 2012, IGN ranked the transformed Birkin as the second best boss in the series, calling him "a terrible abomination - one that is not easily forgotten."[30]

In the first Resident Evil film, Birkin makes an uncredited cameo appearance as the head of the Nemesis project, who was also the film's narrator. According to an audio commentary by Paul W. S. Anderson, Isaacs was planned to reprise this role in the sequel Resident Evil: Apocalypse, but left the project for undisclosed reasons, so an original character named Dr. Alexander Isaacs (played by Iain Glen) was created to fulfill Birkin's role in the sequel.

United Nations
BSAA
The BSAA (Bioterrorism Security Assessment Alliance), was a private military company formed between the events of Resident Evil 4 and Resident Evil 5. It was founded by Jill Valentine, Chris Redfield, Clive R. O'Brian, and eight others after the fall of Umbrella, with the aim of combating the increasing numbers of B.O.W.s being sold on the black market. Originally a non-government organization, the BSAA was placed under United Nations Security Council control when the U.S. government funded Federal Bioterrorism Commission (FBC) was revealed to be corrupt.

Jessica Sherawat
Voiced by (English): Ali Hillis (Revelations)
Voiced by (Japanese): Nana Mizuki (Revelations)
Jessica Sherawat is a member of the FBC, where she worked with Parker Luciani. She later became a member of the BSAA and worked with Chris Redfield in their investigation of Veltro in 2005. Most importantly, Jessica is secretly an agent working for the corrupt Morgan Lansdale and, above all, for Tricell Incorporated. As such, she betrays Chris and the BSAA. She survives the ordeal, and is given a sample of the T-Abyss virus by Raymond Vester.

Parker Luciani
Voiced by (English): Kirk Thornton (Revelations)
Voiced by (Japanese): Mitsuru Miyamoto (Revelations)
Parker was originally a member of the FBC tasked with helping out during the 2004 Veltro terrorist attack of Terragrigia. However he and his partner Jessica Sherawat barely managed to make it out alive and fled into the FBC building. During their trip to the Command Room, they met and saved the new cadet, Raymond Vester. He and Parker then bonded. At the command room, they met Morgan Lansdale, who was collaborating with Jack Norman, and in the midst of betraying him. After that, the group escaped the city. In 2005, Parker and Jill followed Chris and Jessica's last known coordinates to a stranded cruise ship named Queen Zenobia in the Mediterranean Sea. They realized that the entire crew of the Queen Zenobia had been turned into monstrous bio organic weapons named Ooze and are forced to fight for their lives. On the ship's bridge, they are surprised to meet none other than Vester who claims to be there by orders of the FBC. After Jessica is revealed to be a traitor, she sets the Queen Zenobia to self-destruct. Parker was later seen dangling above end then falling into a series of explosions after the floor he was standing on collapsed. It is ultimately revealed that Raymond Vester saved Parker from the explosion. Parker was then found adrift off the shore of the Republic of Malta in the Mediterranean Sea. He resumed his position as a Special Operations Agent for the BSAA after a month of recovery.

Piers Nivans
Voiced by (English): Chris Emerson (RE6)
Voiced by (Japanese): Shuhei Sakaguchi (RE6)
Face Model: Adam Crosman (RE6)
Portrayed by: Wataru Kuriyama (stage play)
Piers Nivans is a member of the North American Branch of the BSAA in Resident Evil 6. He is a talented marksman, who served under Chris Redfield during the Edonian Civil War in 2012. On one of their missions, Carla Radames infects their comrades with the C-virus and turns them into mutants. Chris is knocked unconscious in the ensuing battle but is rescued by Piers. Chris becomes disillusioned and disappears after recovering. Piers tracks down Chris and successfully convinces him to rejoin the BSAA to avenge his dead comrades. They are deployed to Lanshiang, China and tasked to stop a bio-terrorism attack. The duo are eventually led to an underwater laboratory that is being used to create powerful bio-organic weapons. Piers is severely injured during their final battle with the B.O.W., Haos, and injects himself with the C-virus to continue fighting. After he and Chris manage to defeat the Haos, they then attempt to escape the laboratory during its self-destruction sequence, but after realizing that he is beginning to succumb to the C-virus, Piers seals Chris inside an escape pod in order to ensure his survival, while he stays behind during the laboratory's destruction to prevent himself from mutating any further, sacrificing himself in the process. Right before his death, Piers manages to save Chris from the still-alive Haos by killing it as it attempts to destroy the escape pod Chris is in. Chris honors Piers's memory by remaining with the BSAA (when before, Chris thought of retiring and leaving Piers in charge).[31] Piers is mentioned by name during the epilogue in Resident Evil: Revelations 2, as he is in China with Chris.

Sheva Alomar
Main article: Sheva Alomar
United States of America
STARS
S.T.A.R.S. (Special Tactics And Rescue Service, also known as the Special Tactics And Rescue Squad in early localizations) is a special operations force in the Raccoon Police Department, introduced in the original Resident Evil and disbanded before the events of the sequel. Its key members included Albert Wesker, Barry Burton, Brad Vickers, Chris Redfield, Enrico Marini, Forest Speyer, Jill Valentine, Joseph Frost, Kenneth J. Sullivan, Rebecca Chambers and Richard Aiken.[32]

Besides Chris, Jill and, Wesker, Four other STARS members are major characters in the game series:

Rebecca Chambers
Main article: Rebecca Chambers (character)
Barry Burton
Voiced by (English): Barry Gjerde (RE),[33] Ed Smaron (REmake), Jamieson Price (RE5), Michael McConnohie (Revelations 2)
Voiced by (Japanese): Yusaku Yara (Revelations 2, REmake HD Remaster)
Played by: Gregory Smith (RE live-action cutscenes),[33][34] Kevin Durand (Retribution)
Barry Burton (バリー・バートン, Barī Bāton) is a middle-aged (38-year-old in the original Resident Evil[35]) SWAT-veteran[32] and STARS Alpha Team's weapons specialist. In the original Resident Evil, Barry plays a supporting role in Jill's story while only appearing briefly in the opening scene of Chris' scenario. During the course of the game, it is revealed that he was blackmailed into betraying his teammates by Albert Wesker, who threatened to harm his family if he refused. He returns in Resident Evil 3: Nemesis, where he helps Jill and Carlos escape from Raccoon City before its destruction. Barry also appears in the non-canonical game Resident Evil Gaiden as one of its two player characters, and as a DLC character in the Resident Evil 5 Mercenaries Reunion mode.[35]

After non-canon appearances in games for several years, Barry was a playable character in Resident Evil: Revelations 2. Barry arrived on Sushestvovanie Island to search for his daughter, Moira, and the returning Claire Redfield, who got captured by men sent by Alex Wesker, and used a radio tower to send out a distress call.[36] Barry also meets a little girl named Natalia Korda, who can sense the presence of hidden items, and monsters. Natalia can be controlled by the player as well as Barry, but can only use bricks to attack monsters. During the events of Resident Evil: Revelations 2, it is revealed Barry was estranged from Moira. Eventually, Barry winds up having to battle Alex Wesker, believing she killed Moira, and she targets Natalia for nefarious reasons. In the end, Barry survives the ordeal, killing Alex with Claire's help, and reconciles with Moira, who showed up belatedly to save her father and friends. Barry then adopts Natalia, with everybody unaware that Alex is now somehow part of her, following her death.

PlayStation Universe described Barry as "something of a legend among RE aficionados, thanks in no small part to his utterly laughable dialogue segments in the original Resident Evil," adding that "he also remains one of the most genuinely likeable characters in the franchise, especially after the chaps at Capcom polished up his hammy ways for the GameCube remake."[35] In 2010, Joystick Division ranked him fifth, on a list of top supporting characters in video game history.[37]

Brad Vickers
Voiced by: Evan Sabba (RE3), Adam Paul (REmake), Johnny Yong Bosch (The Umbrella Chronicles)
Brad Vickers (ブラッド・ヴィッカーズ, Buraddo Vikkāzu) is a STARS helicopter pilot and Alpha team's computer and information expert, nicknamed "Chickenheart".[32] He leaves his teammates stranded in the forest during the opening of the first Resident Evil after panicking, but returns at the end of the game to save the survivors (Jill, Chris, Barry, and Rebecca). In Resident Evil 3, despite trying to avoid any further involvement in the events surrounding Umbrella, Brad is targeted by Nemesis and eventually killed. He can be seen as a zombie in front of the police department in Resident Evil 2 if the player meets certain goals (get to the police station without picking up any items).[38]

Richard Aiken
Voiced by (English): Joe Whyte (REmake), Yuri Lowenthal (The Umbrella Chronicles)
Voiced by (Japanese): Yūji Ueda (REmake HD Remaster)
Richard Aiken (リチャード・エイケン, Richādo Eiken) is the STARS' radio communications specialist[32] and one of the Bravo Team members involved in the Spencer Mansion Incident. In the original Resident Evil game, he is found on the east wing of the Mansion's second floor, severely wounded and poisoned by a giant snake. After a brief detour to collect antivenom, Richard dies, either after imparting information and a radio (if the player returns quickly), or prior to their return. In the remake version, whilst playing as Jill, Richard will accompany the player into the fight with Yawn, sacrificing himself to push her away from a lethal attack, and being ingested by the snake. Whilst playing as Chris, Richard will be killed during the encounter with the shark-based Neptune monster. In the novel The Umbrella Conspiracy, Richard is found by Chris and Rebecca, already dead from the poison. In Resident Evil: The Umbrella Chronicles, Richard is a companion of Rebecca. He is one of the playable characters in the multiplayer mode of Resident Evil: Deadly Silence.

Raccoon Police Department
The Raccoon Police Department (R.P.D.) are law enforcement service in Raccoon City.

Brian Irons
Voiced by (English): Gary Krawford (RE2), JB Blanc (The Darkside Chronicles), Sid Carton (REmake 2)
Voiced by (Japanese): Akio Hirose (REmake2)
Motion capture: Sid Carton (REmake 2)
Brian Irons is the Police Chief of the RPD. He is secretly bribed by Umbrella to cover up the T-virus outbreak in the Arklay laboratories and their experiments with the G-virus. During the Raccoon City outbreak, Irons goes insane and begins killing people in the Department building indiscriminately, including Mayor Warren's daughter Katherine. Irons is encountered several times by Claire Redfield, who gradually learns of his alliance with Birkin and Umbrella. He is eventually killed by a mutated William Birkin. In the game's remake, Irons kidnaps Sherry Birkin and tries to use her to access the NEST facility. It is also revealed that he is also the director of an orphanage used to supply Umbrella with human test subjects, where he holds her until he can retrieve her pendant. Irons chases Sherry as she attempts to escape, but is eventually attacked and implanted with an G-Embryo. He dies when the creature erupts from his body just as Claire arrives to confront him. Irons also appears in The Darkside Chronicles, though his role is greatly downplayed to a brief confrontation with Leon and Claire.

Elliot Edward
Voiced by (Japanese): Kenji Takahashi (REmake 2)
Elliot Edward is an RPD officer and minor character in Resident Evil 2. He appears in the opening minutes of Scenario B trying to reach an evacuation helicopter. However, he is attacked and killed by zombies, during which he causes the copter to crash by accidentally shooting the pilot and blocks off part of the RPD. In the remake, Elliot works with other officers in an attempt to escape the overrun RPD. Eventually discovering a way out, he is ripped apart by creatures as he attempts to get to the player's character, though is able to give them the information about a secret passage. His corpse later transforms into a zombie.

Marvin Branagh
Voiced by (English): Rod Wilson (RE2), Beau Billingslea (Outbreak File #2), Lex Lang (The Darkside Chronicles), Christopher Watson (REmake 2)
Voiced by (Japanese): Fuminori Komatsu (REmake 2)
Motion capture: Christopher Watson (REmake 2)
Marvin Branagh is a lieutenant in the RPD. In the original game, he is discovered in Scenario A by either Leon or Claire, and informs them of the Mansion Incident. Giving them his keycard to unlock areas of the police station, he forces them to leave him behind and locks the door behind them. Marvin later transforms into a zombie and attacks the player. In the 2019 remake, he is more proactive in helping the protagonists escape the RPD and helps them unlock the passage. Marvin appears in Resident Evil Outbreak: File 2 and The Darkside Chronicles.

DSO
The Division of Security Operations (DSO) was an anti-bioterrorism organization under the jurisdiction of the United States federal government.

Ingrid Hunnigan
Voiced by (English): Salli Saffioti (RE4, Degeneration, Damnation, RE6)
Voiced by (Japanese): Yū Sugimoto (Degeneration, Damnation, RE6)
Motion Capture performance: Jolene Andersen (Damnation)
Ingrid Hunnigan serves as Leon S. Kennedy's Case Officer. As an F.O.S. agent (Field Operations Support) Hunnigan provides Leon with tactical information relevant to his current situation. She assisted him during his missions to rescue Ashley Graham in Resident Evil 4 and to stop Neo-Umbrella in Resident Evil 6. She also makes brief appearances in Resident Evil: Degeneration and Resident Evil: Damnation.

Sherry Birkin
Voiced by (English): Lisa Yamanaka (RE2), Laura Bailey (The Darkside Chronicles), Eden Riegel (Operation Raccoon City, RE6), Eliza Pryor (REmake 2)
Voiced by (Japanese): Hisako Kanemoto (Operation Raccoon City, child), Maaya Sakamoto (RE6, adult), Rio Sasaki (REmake 2, child)
Motion Capture performance: Sara Fletcher (RE6), Eliza Pryor (REmake 2)
Facial Model: Sara Fletcher (RE6)
Sherry Birkin (シェリー・バーキン, Sherī Bākin) is the daughter of William and Annette Birkin. She first appears in Resident Evil 2, running away and hiding in Raccoon City during the outbreak. She manages to find Leon and Claire, who protect her while trying to escape the city. Sherry is a playable character in some parts of the game but she is completely unarmed and can only avoid the monsters. Her father has been transformed into a monstrous creature by the G-virus and infects her, but Claire gives Sherry an anti-virus, which prevents her from mutating. Sherry assists Leon and Claire in boarding a secret underground train, and successfully escapes Raccoon City before it is destroyed. Sherry also appears in Resident Evil: The Darkside Chronicles in chapters that recapitulate the events of Resident Evil 2. She returns as an adult in Resident Evil 6 as a government agent escorting Jake Muller and seems to have acquired great healing abilities from the remnants of the G-virus in her body. During the course of the game, she helps Jake deal with the fact that Albert Wesker is his father. She also learns from Leon S. Kennedy that her superior, Derek C. Simmons, is the man responsible for the U.S. President's death. She and Jake subsequently ally with Leon, Chris Redfield and their partners in thwarting Carla Radames' plans.

Derek C. Simmons
Voiced by (English): David Lodge (RE6)
Voiced by (Japanese): Takayuki Sugō (RE6)
Derek Clifford Simmons is the primary antagonist of Leon's campaign in Resident Evil 6. Simmons is the National Security Advisor and a close friend to Adam Benford. He is the leader of a secret organization known as "The Family", which uses its vast political influence to maintain world order. Simmons worries that Benford's plan to declassify the Raccoon City incident will create civil unrest around the world and tarnish the United States' reputation. He coerces Helena into infecting the president with the C-virus, and later causes viral outbreaks in Tall Oaks. Simmons is later betrayed by Carla Radames and infected with the C-virus. Simmons spontaneously switches between mutations as he fights Leon and Helena to the Quad Tower, where he finally falls to his death. A unique feature of Simmons' mutation is that he could absorb zombies to add more mass to his body, which took the form of a giant insect as a result.[39]

Secret Service
Helena Harper
Voiced by (English): Laura Bailey (RE6)
Voiced by (Japanese): Mayumi Sako (RE6)
Facial model by: Natasha Alam
Helena Harper is an agent in the Secret Security Service (USSS) and the personal bodyguard of U.S. President Adam Benford. Harper is a former CIA operative, who receives a second-chance with the USSS after facing two suspensions for using excessive force to defend her family.[40] Derek Simmons blackmails Harper into helping his organization cause a C-virus outbreak in Tall Oaks by kidnapping Helena’s sister, Deborah.[41] Benford is infected in the ensuing viral outbreak and becomes a zombie, prompting Kennedy to reluctantly shoot him in the head. Harper and Kennedy work together to locate Deborah before learning Simmons has mutated her into a BOW. Helena is forced to kill her sister, and reveals she worked with Simmons to cause the C-virus outbreak under duress. She eventually confronts and kills Simmons in Lanshiang, China. Harper is cleared of any wrongdoing after the government investigates Simmons’ background.[42]

FBC
The Federal Bioterrorism Commission was a United States government commission set up for handling bioterrorist operations.

Raymond Vester
Voiced by (English): David Vincent (Revelations)
Voiced by (Japanese): Yasunori Matsumoto (Revelations)
Raymond Vester was one of the top agents working in the FBC (Federal Bioterrorism Commission). At the time of the 2004 Terragrigia Panic, Raymond was an inexperienced cadet in the FBC. Injured by Veltro's Farfarello, he was rescued by the more experienced agents Parker Luciani and Jessica Sherawat. Retreating back to the conference room where FBC Commissioner Morgan Lansdale was residing, Raymond stumbled upon a telephone conversation Lansdale was having with the Veltro leader, Jack Norman. Raymond became increasingly suspicious of his commanding officer, and knew that he was somehow involved with the bio-terrorist attack. However, he was unable to act on these suspicions, as the city was evacuated and destroyed soon after. At some point after this attack, Raymond became an informant for BSAA leader Clive R. O'Brian, operating as his mole within the FBC. O'Brian and Vester devised a plan to oust Lansdale as the architect of the Terragrigia attack through engineering the "return" of Veltro. Vester would pose as Jack Norman, and O'Brian used a mountain airbase to create the illusion that the terrorist group had resurfaced. In doing so, the two hoped to collect enough evidence to expose Lansdale. During the Queen Zenobia incident, O'Brian let slip that agents Jessica Sherawat and Chris Redfield were captured by Veltro aboard the Zenobia. Intercepting this information, Lansdale sent Vester and his partner Rachael to the ship to determine if the BSAA agents supposedly on board the vessel would pose any threat to him. Vester and O'Brian agreed to push forward the schedule of their plan. After boarding the ship, Vester, with and without his Veltro disguise, encountered Luciani and Valentine on the ship's bridge, making his presence known. Soon after, Agents Sherawat and Redfield boarded the vessel. Just as Raymond was about to reveal Lansdale's secrets to the group, Lansdale's mole, Jessica Sherawat, shot Raymond in the chest, causing him to fall from the balcony. Though Raymond was wearing a bulletproof vest and was unharmed by Jessica's shot, he faked his death while in her presence and whispered critical information about the conspiracy and her true identity. He later resurfaced and helped a gravely injured Luciani escape the sinking ship. Unbeknown to Parker, both Raymond and Jessica were agents of the pharmaceutical division of TRICELL, which had promoted the development of T-Abyss. The two met in a cafe in an unnamed European country, where Vester provided Sherawat with a sample of the T-Abyss.

Strategic Command
Bruce McGivern
Voiced by (English): Raj Ramayya (Dead Aim)
Voiced by (Japanese): Hiroaki Hirata (Namco × Capcom)
When a large amount of a recently developed hybrid viral agent known as the "T+G Virus" was stolen from the Umbrella Pharmaceuticals Development Center in Paris by a former Umbrella researcher, Bruce McGivern was sent in by the U.S. government to retrieve the virus and neutralize the threat in the Atlantic Ocean on board an Umbrella-owned luxury ocean liner, the Spencer Rain, whose entire personnel on board have been infected with the T-virus stolen by the same former researcher, Morpheus D. Duvall, in September 2002. A member of the USSTRATCOM, McGivern is cocky and brash, and has a tendency to adopt a "shoot first, ask questions later" policy, with little regard for the consequences following his actions. This has often left him in many hostile situations, although in the end, he always somehow comes out on top. Confronted at the very beginning of the game by Duvall, he is saved by Chinese secret agent Fong Ling who throws a grenade at Morpheus (regardless of Bruce's life), seriously wounding the terrorist. He later works with her in order to stop Duvall's plan of unleashing the virus, bringing the fight to an underwater Umbrella secret laboratory which they ultimately destroy as Bruce kills a greatly mutated Duvall. At first at odds with Fong Ling, she and Bruce become closer as the story progresses, particularly after he saves her from an attempt on her life by her own government through the use of satellites armed with lasers. At the end of the game, it is implied that Bruce and Fong will start a relationship.

People's Republic of China
MSS
Fong Ling
Voiced by (English): Claire O'Connor (Dead Aim)
Voiced by (Japanese): Kae Araki (Namco × Capcom)
A Chinese intelligence agent employed by the Ministry of State Security of the People's Republic of China, Fong is infamous for her cold and stoic demeanor. Upon learning of her brother's involvement in anti-government activism, Fong arrested him. Following his arrest, Fong's brother was swiftly executed, although she never questioned the actions of her boss and remained absolutely loyal, stopping at nothing to accomplish her objectives. She is sent by the Chinese government to the Umbrella-owned luxury liner Spencer Rain to stop former Umbrella scientist Morpheus Duvall's plans and retrieve the sample of the virus he stole from an Umbrella's lab in Paris. Initially apathetic towards the presence of a rival operative, Bruce McGivern, going so far as to throw a grenade at Duvall who was holding him at gunpoint, she allies with him in order to stop Duvall. At some point, the Chinese government betrays her and attempts to kill her through the use of satellites armed with lasers. But Bruce saves her. Though greatly shaken by this event, she decides to complete her mission and to keep working for her employers afterward. And from that moment on, she becomes closer to Bruce. After killing Duvall and destroying an Umbrella secret laboratory underwater, it is implied that Bruce and Fong will start a relationship.

NGOs
A non-governmental organization (NGO) is an organization that is neither a part of a recognized government nor a conventional for-profit business.

TerraSave
TerraSave is a non-governmental human rights organization introduced in Resident Evil: Degeneration.

Moira Burton
Voiced by (English): Marcella Lentz-Pope (Revelations 2)
Voiced by (Japanese): Ayumi Fujimura (Revelations 2)
Moira is the eldest daughter of STARS veteran, Barry Burton. In Resident Evil: Revelations 2, Moira and her TerraSave co-workers including Claire Redfield are captured and taken to an abandoned prison facility supervised by Alex Wesker. Moira is a secondary character in Claire's portion of the game. She refuses to use firearms after accidentally wounding her sister with a handgun as a child. Instead, Moira uses tools, such as crowbars, to break open boxes and to attack enemies. She is estranged from her father. Eventually while fighting a mutated Neil Fisher, who betrayed the Terra Save group, Moira overcomes her fear of using a gun in order to save Claire if the player selects this option, which is canon. Moira is separated from Claire and saved by Evgeny, a Russian man who later chooses death once his daughter is dead. Moira then returns to save her father and friends from Alex Wesker, who is now fully mutated. Alex, however, lives on through possessing to some degree Natalia, who had become Moira's adoptive sister.

Neil Fisher
Voiced by (English): Yuri Lowenthal (Revelations 2)
Voiced by (Japanese): Eiji Hanawa (Revelations 2)
Neil Fisher is a high-ranking member of TerraSave and senior officer of Claire Redfield. He was also involved with the organization's operations during the Terragrigia incident, where he met and looked after a young Natalia Korda. However, unknown to other TerraSave members, Neil was affiliated with the FBC, primarily its director Morgan Lansdale. After it was disbanded during the events of Resident Evil: Revelations, Neil plans to start another bioterrorist attack to justify the return of the FBC. To achieve this end, he contacts Alex Wesker and helps her organize the kidnapping of several members of TerraSave for experimentation with her T-Phobos virus. In return, he would receive a vial of Albert Wesker's Uroboros virus to start his bioterrorist attack. After helping Alex procure Natalia for the purposes of transferring her mind into the girl's body, she betrays Neil by injecting the virus into his body and sends him down to the lower levels of her tower, to fight Claire and Moira Burton. Mutating into a hulking beast, he is killed during their fight when shot at point-blank range in the head by either Claire or Moira (canonically the latter).

Neo-Umbrella
Carla Radames
See also: Ada Wong
Carla Radames is the primary antagonist of Resident Evil 6. She is the founder and leader of Neo-Umbrella, a terrorist organization that strives on destroying the current world order. Radames, a former government researcher, is the creator of the C-virus, a powerful mutagen capable of turning humans into capable and competent bio-organic weapons. Derek Simmons performs experiments on Carla which ultimately turn her into a clone of Ada Wong. While Carla possesses Ada's physical appearance and mannerisms, she still retains her original psyche. She also harbors a deep resentment towards Simmons, whom she believes stole her research and lifework. Radames personally oversees the bio-terror attacks in Europe, the United States, and China. She exacts revenge on Simmons by having her henchmen infect him with a potent dosage of the C-virus, which turns him into ravenous monster. She is fatally shot by a helicopter sent by the Family, but thanks to injecting herself with an enhanced C-virus, Radames mutated into a formless mass. She is eventually confronted and killed by Ada Wong.[43]

Los Iluminados
Osmund Saddler
Voiced by: Michael Gough (RE4)
Motion capture: Kenji Hata (RE4)
Osmund Saddler (オズムンド・サドラー, Ozumundo Sadorā) is the main antagonist of Resident Evil 4.[44] He is the leader of Los Illuminados, the cult responsible for Ashley Graham's kidnapping.[45] Saddler plans on infecting Graham with a sample of Las Plagas, in hope that she will return home and infect higher-ranking members of the U.S. government.[46] Saddler then attempts to control them and seize control of the country, and then the world.[46] He uses samples of Las Plagas to infect and control villagers and even a local castellan Ramon Salazar (ラモン・サラザール) to perform his bidding. However, his plans are foiled by the combined efforts of Kennedy, Wong and Luis Sera. Kennedy, with the assistance of Wong, kills Saddler near the game's conclusion, and destroys his research and production complex.[47]

Ramon Salazar
Voiced by: Rene Mujica (voice actor) (RE4)
Motion capture: Tsurugi-Dan (RE4)
Ramon Salazar (voiced by Rene Mujica) is a secondary antagonist in Resident Evil 4. He is the castellan of the castle affiliated with Los Iluminados.[48] He comes from a noble family, who were responsible for sealing Las Plagas beneath the castle's grounds.[49] Years later, Saddler, a cultist who worships Las Plagas, persuaded Salazar to unearth the parasites, causing them to spread across the local area.[49] Salazar controls the Ganados and orders them to kill Kennedy and apprehend Ashley Graham.[50] He merges with his second Verdugo in a Queen Plaga to become a gigantic abomination in a desperate attempt to defeat Kennedy, but perishes during the ensuing fight.

Bitores Mendez
Voiced by: Jesse Corti (voice actor) (RE4)
Motion capture: Kenji Hata (RE4)
Bitorez Mendez is the chief of the unnamed Spanish village, taken over by Osmund Saddler and the Los Illuminados cult. He is given a Dominant Species of the Plaga Parasite, allowing him to command others infected with Las Plagas and granting him incredible strength. Mendez is confronted numerous times throughout the first two chapters of Resident Evil 4 by Leon Kennedy, during the latter's attempt to save the President's daughter from the village. In their last confrontation in a barn, Mendez is forced to mutate after being doused in gasoline and set on fire, eventually detaching the lower part of his body and using the rafters to traverse and attack Leon. He is finally killed by the agent and his glass eye is used to access Salazar's castle. Resident Evil Archives II state that Mendez used to be a Catholic Priest before being converted to the Los Illuminados cult.

Jack Krauser
Voiced by: Jim Ward (RE4, TDC, Mercenaries 3D)
Motion capture: Ryouji Okamoto (RE4, in-game), Munenori Yuo (RE4, cutscenes)
Jack Krauser (ジャック・クラウザー, Jakku Kurauzā) is a freelance mercenary hired to do Saddler's bidding.[51] Originally a U.S. government special forces operative, Krauser served with Leon Kennedy, before losing his job from his last operation with Kennedy from an arm injury[52] and later supposedly perishing in a helicopter crash.[53] Krauser is responsible for kidnapping Ashley, claiming he committed the act to gain Saddler's trust. He has little interest in Saddler's agenda, and only seeks to recover a sample of Las Plagas for Albert Wesker for the latter's plan to restore the then-defunct Umbrella Corporation, believing such would bring order and balance to the world.[54][55][56][57] In addition to being a skilled knife fighter and archer, Krauser possesses superhuman speed, stamina, strength, and gained the ability to transform his left arm into a giant mutated claw.[47] He confronts Kennedy twice in the game. After apparently dying during a fight with Kennedy, Krauser appears as a boss in the "Assignment: Ada" scenario, and is killed once and for all by Ada in the "Separate Ways" scenario.[47][58] Krauser is playable in Mercenaries mode. He uses his bow in combat and can also utilize his mutated arm as a melee weapon. The Darkside Chronicles provides backstory for Krauser as he is partnered with Leon to arrest a drug lord in South America. During their journey they discover the village has suffered an outbreak of the T-virus,[59] and encounter Manuela Hidalgo, who has been infected with the T-Veronica virus, Krauser also learns of Wesker and Umbrella's conspiracy. Before defeating the mutated drug lord, Krauser's arm is severely injured and he is forced to leave the military. He seeks out Wesker to recover from his injury and become stronger.[60]

Baker Family
The Baker Family are the main antagonists of Resident Evil 7: Biohazard.

Jack Baker
Voiced by (English): Jack Brand (RE7)
Voiced by (Japanese): Kazuhiro Yamaji (RE7)
Jack Baker is one of the primary antagonists of Resident Evil 7: Biohazard. He chases after the intruder Ethan Winters inside a plantation mansion, or the "Dulvey Haunted House" as it is also referred to. Jack is a middle-aged man and a member of the Baker family who are victims of Eveline, and have captured Ethan's wife, Mia. The Bakers were thought to have vanished from the local community in Dulvey, Louisiana.

Not long after the game was announced, Jack became known for his various one-liners such as "Welcome to the family, son!" heard in the various demo footage.[61] Jack relentlessly pursues Ethan from area to area, being very strong and somehow appears to be nearly unstoppable. He uses a variety of weapons and can attack you even after being set ablaze when a car bursts into flames inside a garage. To prove to Ethan he is not human, he also takes his gun and seemingly dies after blowing his own head off, only to rise again and continue pursuing Ethan. Jack also murders a policeman who had come across Ethan after they entered the garage. During one such encounter, Ethan ultimately defeats Jack one last time after he has majorly mutated, but Jack later appears in a dream like scene as a normal man due to Ethan having used the serum to cure him. He still dies along with the rest of the Bakers, however, and is honored by Ethan when he says they were also victims of the tragedy that was Eveline. He returned as a major enemy in End of Zoe which is a downloadable content chapter that takes place after the main game. Jack (almost unrecognizable now) stalks his brother Joe while he tries to find a cure for Zoe. Jack is ultimately defeated by Joe and Joe saves Zoe.

Marguerite Baker
Voiced by (English): Sara Coates (RE7)
Voiced by (Japanese): Maki Izawa (RE7)
Marguerite Baker is a primary antagonist in Resident Evil 7: Biohazard and is a member of the mysterious Baker family from Dulvey, Louisiana. They were responsible for the deaths of a local camera crew, but were really doing all of this to outsiders because Eveline had taken control of them, and before their infection, the Bakers were just an ordinary family. Marguerite was first shown in the various footage that was unveiled during 2016, including a clip featuring the scene where her family have the main protagonist Ethan Winters seated at the dinner table. Marguerite was more prominently featured in the Lantern demo, following Mia, Ethan's wife. She can summon insects to swarm together and attack Ethan, but he defeats her nonetheless. When she follows Mia, Mia must hide rather than face her in a battle. Like her other family members, she spouts a lot of profanity.

Lucas Baker
Voiced by (English): Jesse Pimentel (RE7)
Voiced by (Japanese): Setsuji Satō (RE7)
Lucas Baker is a primary antagonist in Resident Evil 7: Biohazard and a member of the Baker family. According to Sewer Gators producer Andre Stickland, he was the "bad seed" of the family. Lucas and his family had been missing since 2014, but are encountered by the protagonist Ethan Winters whilst he searches their derelict house for his missing wife, Mia. Lucas later forces Clancy (a cameraman) and Ethan to navigate a series of areas filled with traps, and monsters, as he mocks their progress. Clancy is killed after engaging a trap, and Ethan watches a tape that reveals how his death occurred to ensure that he does not suffer a similar fate. Lucas survives the events because he is never faced in combat. He also appears in the downloadable content "Banned Footage" chapters, but these side quests predate the main story.[62] However, a new sub-chapter entitled Not a Hero is set after the main game. Lucas served as its main antagonist, being chased by Chris Redfield.[63] After losing three soldiers and traversing gas filled tunnels, Chris eventually located Lucas. After Chris shot him, Lucas mutated before being slain by Chris. Chris then destroyed the computers and returned to the base.

Non-affiliated
Alan Droney
Voiced by (English): Kip Pardue (RE7)
Voiced by (Japanese): Kiyomitsu Mizuuchi (RE7)
Face model: Mark Hobart
Alan Droney is an agent for the Connections. He and Mia Winters were tasked with transporting the Bio Organic Weapon Eveline. Eventually, Eveline infects the people on board, including Alan, turning most into mold. When he began to show symptoms of infection, he dispatched Mia to kill or recapture her. Shortly afterwards, Alan is killed by Eveline.

Alex Wesker
Voiced by (English): Mary Elizabeth McGlynn (Revelations 2)
Voiced by (Japanese): Rica Fukami (Revelations 2)
Motion capture: Elaine Hendrix (Revelations 2)[64]
Face Model: Elaine Hendrix (Revelations 2)[64]
Besides Albert Wesker, Alex is the only other known "Wesker" project to have survived and adapted successfully on her own. Both were viewed as being a form of superior breed of human by their master, Ozwell E. Spencer, but Spencer was betrayed by them both once they grew to understand the greatness of power. Alex was first mentioned in a file obtainable in Resident Evil 5, and is eventually revealed to be the main antagonist of Resident Evil: Revelations 2. It is she who captures the Terra Save workers including Claire Redfield with Moira Burton, and injects them with a virus and has her subjects wear wrist devices to monitor their fear levels as they explore a frightening facility, causing the subjects to mutate if their fear becomes too great. She is frequently spying on her subjects via CCTV. uses quotes by Franz Kafka and captures Natalia Korda, the little girl Barry Burton meets upon reaching the island Moira was stuck on. During some scenes, Alex is clearly seen in her mutated form as well, and controls the "Afflicted". Alex had captured Natalia to experiment on her, intending to transfer her own consciousness into Natalia's body. Regardless of the ending achieved by the player in Revelations 2, good or bad, Alex manages, possibly to different degrees, to transfer her mind into Natalia's body and take over it. In the bonus episode "Little Miss", which takes place before Barry's arrival to the island, players assume control of Natalia and her mysterious evil twin as they look for the toy bear Lottie. This reveals Alex had already started her experience and her mind was present in Natalia's subconscious as the "evil twin".

Ark Thompson
Voiced by: Patrick Harlan (Resident Evil: Survivor)
Ark Thompson is an acquaintance of Leon S. Kennedy who was sent by him to Sheena Island to investigate the Umbrella's facilities there, where the company has its private township, soon after the Raccoon City incident in 1998. He ends up posing as Vincent Goldman, an Umbrella manager, but loses his memory after a helicopter crash. During the game, he is led to believe that he is Vincent Goldman and is mistakenly blamed for the T-virus outbreak on the island. As he investigates, he progressively gets his memories back and confronts the real Vincent Goldman. He eventually escapes the facility before its destruction aboard a helicopter along with Lott and Lily Klein, two children of Umbrella scientists whose parents died in the incident.

Ashley Graham
Voiced by: Carolyn Lawrence (RE4)
Motion capture: Yukiko Saitani (RE4)
Ashley Graham (アシュリー・グラハム, Ashurī Gurahamu) is the new U.S. President's daughter in Resident Evil 4.[65] A college student living in Massachusetts, Ashley is abducted by a mysterious cult while attempting to return to her home.[45] She is taken to a remote part of Spain and held captive in a village inhabited by humans infected with mind-controlling parasites. The cult's leader, Osmund Saddler, plans to infect her with Las Plagas, to carry out the cult's secret agenda.[46] She is rescued by Kennedy, and works alongside him to thwart the cult's plans and escape. In addition to being able to receive commands and perform simple tasks, Ashley briefly becomes a playable character for a portion of the game.

GameDaily listed Ashley Graham as part of its "Babe of the Week: Hottest Blondes" feature, adding that they would give her the "pain in the neck" award.[66] In 2008, Cracked listed her as one of the 15 most annoying video game characters, claiming that in their opinion, "developers need to realize that no one likes to defend the weak and defenseless in video games",[67] but PC Games Hardware included her among the 112 most important female characters in games.[68] That same year, GamesRadar used her as an example of the "pure-hearted love interest", stating that this kind of character lacks personality,[69] and also listed her as one of the top seven most irritating video game characters, stating that while she is not completely useless, she is not very resourceful.[70]

Ben Bertolucci
Voiced by (English): Rod Wilson (RE2), Skip Stellrecht (The Darkside Chronicles)
Voiced by (Japanese): Atsushi Imaruoka (REmake 2)
Ben Bertolucci (ベン・ベルトリッチ, Ben Berutoritchi) is minor character in Resident Evil 2. A journalist, he investigates Chief Brian Irons and Umbrella during their attempts to cover up the Mansion Incident. Eventually discovering evidence linking him to Umbrella, he is arrested and held in the RPD holding cells. In the original game, Ben is approached by Leon S. Kennedy and Ada Wong on information he has uncovered on Umbrella and helps them escape the building. However, he is killed by William Birkin before he can be released from his cell. Before dying, he gives Leon evidence linking Irons to a coverup of the G-virus. In the game's remake, Ben's role is significantly reduced to a brief meeting with Leon. He offers his parking pass to escape the building in exchange for his release, but is killed by the Tyrant before Leon can decide. Opening his cell, Leon retrieves both the pass and a recording of him confronting Annette Birkin on Umbrella's actions and the creation of the G-virus. Ben also appears in The Darkside Chronicles, though he is killed off-screen by Birkin before he can meet Leon, Claire or Ada.

Billy Coen
Voiced by: David Webster (RE0), Steve Van Wormer (The Umbrella Chronicles)
Billy Coen (ビリー・コーエン, Birī Kōen) is first mentioned in a police report filed by Rebecca Chambers that can be found in the Nintendo 64 version of Resident Evil 2, foreshadowing the events of the prequel, Resident Evil Zero. A former Second Lieutenant in the United States Marine Corps Force Reconnaissance, Billy is sentenced to death by a military court for massacring 23 people[71] in murky circumstances during a mission in Africa. Billy's flashbacks imply he is innocent and the victim of a cover-up.[72][73] He escapes en route to his execution and seeks refuge in the Ecliptic Express, a stranded train, where he meets Rebecca Chambers. The two form an alliance in order to survive, using their talents to discover the Umbrella Corporation’s secrets.[74] Both characters are monitored by James Marcus, who sends various creatures to subdue them. After revealing the details of his demise, Marcus mutates into the Queen Leech.[74] In the final battle sequence, Billy and Rebecca destroy the Queen Leech by exploiting its vulnerability to sunlight. Rebecca allows Billy to escape, believing his claims that he is innocent and telling the authorities that he subsequently perished in the Arklay Mountains after their encounter. Billy also appears in The Umbrella Chronicles.[74][75]

Clancy Javis
Voiced by (English): Tony Vogel (RE7)
Voiced by (Japanese): Yu Seki (RE7)
Clancy Javis is a playable character from Resident Evil 7: The Beginning Hour. He enters the Bakers' residence with Andre Stickland and Peter Walken to film an episode of Sewer Gators. He is briefly a playable character while filming Peter. Clancy then searches for Andre who wanders away from the group but is knocked unconscious after discovering Andre's corpse.[61][76] Later, Clancy was tied up and taken into a game room by Lucas who dares him to solve various puzzles in order to light the candle and put it on the cake. When Clancy removed the turner from the barrel, the oil leaks out. After various puzzles, he lights a birthday cake which suddenly exploded, causing him to be engulfed in flames, killing him in the process.[77]

Clancy also appears in the Banned Footage DLC for the game, a collection of stories that take place before the events of the game. In "Nightmare", Clancy is forced to contend with seemingly endless waves of Molded throughout a night, eventually facing Jack in combat. In "Bedroom", he tries to escape the master bedroom of the house whilst being monitored by Marguerite. In "21", Clancy is forced to play a card game against another victim of the Bakers, Hoffman, by Lucas, eventually beating him and leading to Hoffman's death. His success leads to Lucas placing him in the Happy Birthday death trap.

Daniel Cortini
Daniel Cortini is a minor character in the Resident Evil 2 remake. The sheriff of Arklay county, he takes part holding back the T-virus outbreak in the Raccoon City area. Whilst investigating a gas station near the city, Daniel is killed by a zombie whilst after being distracted by the arrival of either Leon or Claire. He appears as a playable protagonist in The Ghost Survivors DLC chapter "No Way Out", which is unlockable after completing the other chapters. A non-canonical account, Daniel battles a large number of enemies in a gas station until he can be rescued.[78]

Deborah Harper
Voiced by (English): Kate Higgins (RE6)
Motion capture: Lauren Kim (RE6)
Deborah Harper is the younger sister of Helena Harper. In the past, Helena was known to be very protective towards Deborah, having wounded Deborah's abusive ex-boyfriend. In Resident Evil 6, the two sisters were held as hostages by Derek C. Simmons in the secret lab underneath the Tall Oaks Cathedral. Helena tried her best to keep a terrified Deborah calm and assures her. Helena offered herself to Simmons in exchange for her sister, but her pleas did nothing and Deborah was dragged away. Deborah was later taken to the catacombs of the cathedral, and was injected with C-Virus; however, as she showed no signs of mutation, Deborah was left to die. After Helena and Leon rescue Deborah, they soon arrive at the lower levels of the catacombs, where Deborah becomes very ill before bursting into flames; a goo then hardens into a cocoon around her. As the lower levels then begin to crumble, Deborah emerges with spider-like appendages on her back. Despite Helena's pleas not to harm her sister, Ada reminds her that Deborah has to be killed or else they will die. After the battle, Helena grabs Deborah as she slips and falls over a pit. She then begs for forgiveness, saying she will avenge her sister after she and Leon kill Simmons, and releases Deborah as she falls to her death into the darkness below. At the end of Leon and Helena's campaign, Helena visits Deborah's grave at a cemetery.

Ethan Winters
Voiced by (English): Todd Soley (RE7)
Voiced by (Japanese): Hidenobu Kiuchi (RE7)
Ethan is the protagonist of the game Resident Evil 7: Biohazard. Ethan is an American civilian looking for his missing wife, Mia. Mia went missing over 3 years ago after she sent a video message to Ethan, talking about how much she was looking forward to coming home. Ethan then suddenly receives a disturbing video message and an email from Mia, so he tells an unknown friend that he is heading out to search for her in Dulvey, Louisiana. This leads him to a derelict plantation mansion, that also happens to be the home of the deranged Baker family, who have been driven insane due to being infected with the Mold from Eveline.

After viewing a tape he finds regarding a camera crew being attacked in the same house, he soon finds his wife in a hidden area lying in a cell, but Mia acts peculiar as they look for a way out, and disappears. She then attacks Ethan with a kitchen knife. The ensuing chaos leads to Mia throwing Ethan through a wall. However, he manages to "kill" her using an ax and pistol. Eventually, she gets up, corners Ethan, and pins him to the wall by his hand with a screwdriver, then cuts off Ethan's pinned hand. Ethan knocks Mia out, and then suddenly, a man attacks Ethan and knocks him out, taking both Ethan and Mia back inside the house. Ethan's severed hand is reattached by a woman named Zoe (the only sane member of the Baker family) and then later, Ethan manages to become untied at the dinner table due to a police officer ringing a telephone, which distracted the Bakers, who were planning to torture him for refusing to eat with them. Ethan manages to fully mend his hand but learns that the Bakers cannot be "killed" very easily.

Mia, as it turns out, is also infected by Eveline, as is Zoe, and therefore not dead. Although Mia and Zoe have to find a way to escape as well. However, Zoe explains that they need to be cured first using a serum as they cannot leave until this is fulfilled. Ethan also encounters other abnormal monsters created by Eveline, such as the creatures called the Molded. But escaping the premises is made extremely difficult, as the Bakers relentlessly pursue him, and Ethan has to protect himself using whatever means he can find, so he can ultimately overcome each family member.

Ethan attempts to get in contact with a military group for his rescue while learning more about Eveline as an "E-Series" Bioweapon. After Ethan is assisted by the military group via chopper and finally puts a stop to Eveline, he and Mia are rescued by Chris Redfield, who is working with the newly reformed Umbrella Corporation. At the conclusion of the End of Zoe sub-chapter, Ethan talks to Zoe by phone and she finds out he kept his promise to send help, and Zoe is cured.

Evgeny Rebic
Voiced by (English): Walter Rego (Revelations 2)
Voiced by (Japanese): Ben Hiura (Revelations 2)
Rebic is an old Russian man Claire and Moira meet on the island they are trapped on in Resident Evil: Revelations 2. He is a miner who is not happy that they are potentially alerting the afflicted to his hideout; Moira ends up doing this by mistake while later spending time with him after her near death experience that resulted in her being away from Claire for 6 months. Although Evegeny is just a bit part character in the main game, he is the co-op partner of Moira in "The Struggle" bonus episode, and uses a rifle to shoot wild animals (for food) and kill enemies. He rescued Moira beneath all the debris that fell on her, but does not call her by that name afterwards, and he teaches her to hunt for herself, while they are putting up with one another's whining. He later learns his missing daughter named Irina is already dead and feeling unwell, Evgeny chooses to die in the underground, with Evgeny and Moira revealing their names to each other just before he passes. His body is eventually found by Barry and Natalia.

Eveline
Voiced by (English): Patricia McNeely (RE7 (Old Woman)), Paula Rhodes (RE7 (Young))
Voiced by (Japanese): Yuri Tabata (RE7 (Old Woman)), Sumire Morohoshi (RE7 (Young))
Eveline is the main antagonist of Resident Evil 7: Biohazard. Considered as an "E-Class" BOW codenamed "E-001", Eveline is a genetically enhanced human created by a mysterious group called "The Connections" with the help from H.C.F (one of the companies owned by Albert Wesker) by fusing a Progenitor-enhanced fungus called Mutamycete into her genome during embryonic stage. Designed for the company's NEXBAS (Next-generation experimental battlefield superiority) initiative, it was designed to blend in with the population, neutralizing combatants without direct contact and converting enemies into allies. Unfortunately the project folded due to its inhumane causes and that it was hard to control unlike other BOWs. Of all the projects done by the company, Eveline is the first successful prototype. She infects people using mold and fungus, allowing her to create a legion of people for her "family" to command and convert them into the "Molded". Due to the bioweapon's destructive abilities in mind control, it was sought after by rival companies, which lead to Mia Winters and Alan Droney to a bioweapon lab within a cargo ship. But when a hurricane struck the ship, Eveline infected Alan, and turned the crew into the Molded. Mia has no choice but to kill the Molded. Eveline killed Alan and infected Mia before the ship exploded.

They were both later found by the Bakers who took them in. Eveline infected the Baker Family within the month, on which put them under their control and give them abilities. 2 years after, Eveline's mind and body are deteriorating rapidly due to lack of her medication, making her demand the Bakers to "add" more people to her family by kidnapping or killing them. Zoe is the only one not affected by Eveline's mind control while Lucas pretends to work with his family knowing she is a threat.

After Ethan arrived at the Baker Family residence, he was helped by Zoe on finding Mia and discovering more about Eveline. When he finally knew her origins, he used the equipment in the lab deep in the Salt Mines to develop a Necrotoxin using Eveline's DNA, which was capable of killing her. He succeeds on injecting it to her revealing that Eveline is actually an old woman, but in the process of her mutating into a giant grotesque form as her powers go haywire and turn on her due to the toxin. With the help from the Umbrella Corporation, Ethan succeeded on fully killing her before being rescued.

Jake Muller
Voiced by (English): Troy Baker (RE6)
Voiced by (Japanese): Daisuke Namikawa (RE6)
Motion capture: Troy Baker, Daniel Southworth (stunt double)
Jake Muller is the son of the Albert Wesker, a eugenicist, virologist and bioterrorist, who formerly worked for Umbrella. It is believed that Wesker was not aware of his sons existence, as Jake's Mother left shortly after being impregnated by him. Jake, later works as a freelance mercenary in order to support his mother, whom dies of an unknown chronic disease shortly after Jake receives money for her treatment. Jake was caught up in an act of bioterrorism while operating in anti-government operations in the fictional Eastern European republic of Edonia. His mercenary comrades are infected with the C-virus, but Jake's specialized blood resists the infection. Soon after, he meets US government agent Sherry Birkin – whose father, William Birkin, was coincidentally Albert's research partner. Sherry and Jake take part in the subsequent battle between the Bioterrorism Security Assessment Alliance and the mutated mercenaries.[79] With his blood resistant to the downside-effects of mutagenic viruses like his father, Jake also inherited several of his father's signature abilities such as increased strength, speed, healing, and advanced combat skills. He demands a large sum of money from the BSAA, in order to sample a pint of his blood to be synthesize for vaccination to combat the C-virus. He and Sherry are captured by Carla Radames, a doppelgänger of Ada Wong, and held captive in Lanshiang, China. They escape during the C-virus outbreak in the city six months later. Over the course of the story of RE6, Jake comes to terms with both the knowledge of his father's actions and of his death at the hands of Chris Redfield three years earlier. After the ordeal, Jake starts a new life fighting BOWs in an underdeveloped country with his real identity covered up by the BSAA.

Joe Baker
Voiced by (English): Gage Maverik (RE7)
Voiced by (Japanese): Kōsei Hirota (RE7)
Joe Baker is the main protagonist in the End of Zoe downloadable content chapter, for Resident Evil 7: Biohazard.[80] The brother of Jack Baker, he lives in the nearby swamplands near the Baker estate, though is isolated from the rest of the family and unaffected by Eveline's control. During the chapter, Joe discovers his niece, Zoe, shortly after the events of the main game and tries to find a cure to free her from Eveline's influence. To do so, he battles against the remnants of the molded creatures created by the Bakers and a mysterious creature chasing after them, later revealed to be a resurrected Jack. Joe ultimately kills his brother and is able to cure Zoe, after which they are found and extracted by the Umbrella Corps. Although he can use firearms, Joe mostly fights with his bare hands, though later acquires an Umbrella Corps glove to increase his strength prior to his final battle with Jack.

Katherine Warren
Katherine Warren is the daughter of Raccoon City's Mayor, Michael Warren. Left behind in Raccoon City by her father, she is left in the care of Chief Brian Irons. Driven insane by the outbreak, Irons instead murders Katherine, planning to stuff her body and keep it as part of his taxidermy collection. Warren's body appears in both versions of Resident Evil 2 and its retelling The Darkside Chronicles. She appears in the remake's Ghost Survivors DLC story "Runaway", which takes place outside of the main series canon.[81]

Lisa Trevor
Lisa Trevor (リサ・トレヴァー, Risa Torevā) is a character and enemy in the remake of Resident Evil and The Umbrella Chronicles.[82] Lisa Trevor is the daughter of George Trevor, the architect behind Ozwell Spencer's Arklay Mansion and the Queen Zenobia cruiser, and his wife Jessica. Following the completion of the mansion's construction, Spencer invites the family to stay there, but betrays George by kidnapping Jessica and Lisa and uses them as human test subjects for genetic experimentation. George is also forced to try to escape the mansion, eventually getting lost and dying of malnutrition.[83] Lisa undergoes a series painful experiments, including receiving the Progenitor virus, while her mother is secretly murdered.[84] Lisa emerges with a grotesque and twisted physical appearance, but gains enhanced strength and nigh-invincibility. Further experimentation on Lisa allows Umbrella's top scientists, William Birkin and Albert Wesker, to develop the G-virus. Lisa is then executed and buried, but she survives and hides in the Arklay forest. She encounters STARS operatives during the events of Resident Evil before ultimately finding her mother's corpse, granting her some closure. Lisa makes her final appearance in The Umbrella Chronicles, where she is defeated by Wesker and left to die as the Arklay mansion and research facility self-destruct.[85]

In 2012, IGN ranked as the ninth best boss in the series, adding, "Not only can her wails be heard throughout the game, she effectively can’t be killed – only deterred. Few things are scarier than that, making her one of the more memorable and entrenched characters in the series."[30]

Luis Sera
Voiced by: Rino Romano (RE4)
Motion capture: Keiichi Wada (RE4)
Luis Sera (ルイス・セラ, Ruisu Sera) is a Spanish investigator, who tries to assist Kennedy and Ada Wong in their efforts against Los Illuminados.[86] He is extremely familiar with the village where the game is set and formerly worked with Osmund Saddler to research and develop the cult's mind-controlling parasites.[87] After realizing Saddler intends to use the parasites for malicious purposes, he attempts to sabotage the cult's mission. Sera meets Kennedy after both of the men are captured by villagers.[47] He introduces himself as a former policeman from Madrid, who became dissatisfied with his job.[88] It is later revealed in the game that Sera was one of the top researchers in finding Las Plagas. He considered the resulting outbreak to be his fault and attempted to eliminate it, aiding Leon. He is ultimately killed by Saddler before he can present him with a sample of Las Plagas.[47][89]

Mia Winters
Voiced by (English): Katie O'Hagan (RE7)
Voiced by (Japanese): Akari Higuchi (RE7)
Face model: Savannah Daniels
Mia is the spouse of Ethan Winters, the main character in Resident Evil 7: Biohazard. A member of an unnamed organization, possibly a former rival of Umbrella, Mia was tasked with escorting a bio-weapon called Eveline to another facility. However, the tanker is attacked and crashes in a Louisianan swamp. Found by the Baker family, Eveline infects them, planning to start a family of its own, hence the reason Mia and the Bakers were its earliest known victims. However, Mia also briefly serves as an antagonist due to being infected by Eveline, causing her to attack her husband shortly after he found her in a holding cell beneath the house. Mia is seemingly "killed" by her husband in self-defense after having an axe plunged into her neck, but despite this, she isn't truly dead because of Eveline.

Both Mia and Ethan are taken by Jack Baker, and Mia recovers off screen. From that point on, Mia works with a woman called Zoe (who is revealed to be a Baker) and Ethan tries to save them by receiving hints from Zoe when she telephones him, while Ethan is having to deal with constant attacks perpetrated by the other Bakers. In some parts of the game, Mia is playable too, but sometimes she has to hide rather than confront enemies. After using a cure created by Zoe to kill Jack, Ethan must use the remaining vial to save either Mia or Zoe. Depending on a choice made by the player, Ethan can either cure Mia and attempt to escape with her, or choose Zoe, leaving her behind. After Ethan and the person he chose to save is attacked, the player once again takes control of Mia, searching the tanker for him. After freeing him, Mia will start to become possessed by Eveline again. Depending on the player's earlier decision, Mia will separate herself from Ethan to save him or allow Eveline to take control of her, forcing Ethan to kill her. If the former plays out, she will be recovered by Umbrella Corps mercenaries, reuniting with Ethan as the game ends.

Natalia Korda
Voiced by (English): Gabriella Pastore (Revelations 2)
Voiced by (Japanese): Aoi Yūki (Revelations 2)
A young girl who is a playable character in Resident Evil: Revelations 2. Natalia accompanies Barry Burton immediately when he arrives on an island to search for his missing daughter, Moira. Natalia explains that she is an orphan due to the death of her parents. Natalia can find items that are hidden, detect the presence of invisible or off-screen enemies (indicated by a glowing effect) and go through small passageways to reach otherwise unreachable areas. Since Natalia cannot use any firearms, she can pick up bricks to throw at any monsters, but often has to evade the monsters.

Alex Wesker targets Natalia throughout the course of the plot in order to mind transfer herself into her, believing she is not "true" like she is. Alex (when in a grotesque form near the climax of the game), causes Natalia's fear to reach its highest on her wrist bracelet, but it is not explained what happens to Natalia. In a prequel segment, Dark Natalia joined Natalia to help find "Lottie", Natalia's beloved teddy bear, and she then begins her association with Barry, now having the ability to see any monsters that Barry cannot always notice. In the true ending, it was revealed prior to Alex mutating into her third and final form that she was able to transfer her mind into Natalia's body up until the young girl's body had been fully taken over by Alex, in 2013. Barry adopts Natalia after Alex is killed, but she is seen reading a piece by Franz Kafka then smiling, so Alex succeeded to some degree.

Robert Kendo
Voiced by (English): Gary Krawford (RE2), Jason C. Miller (DC)
Voiced by (Japanese): Hideki Tanaka (REmake 2)
Robert Kendo is the owner of a gun store in Raccoon City. He and his brother Joseph are responsible for creating the Samurai Edge pistols used by S.T.A.R.S. members. In the original Resident Evil 2, he briefly appears in the opening of Scenario A, allowing the player to stay in his gunshop for protection. However, zombies soon break in and devour Kendo, leaving a weapon for the player to pick up. In the remake, Robert confronts Leon S. Kennedy and Ada Wong as they attempt to pass through the shop to reach the sewers. It's also revealed he has a daughter, Emma, who he tries to protect from the outbreak. However, she is infected and Robert is forced to kill her. Kendo also appears in the game's The Ghost Survivors DLC as the player character in "No Time to Mourn". A non-canonical scenario, it follows him as he attempts to escape Raccoon City.[90][91] He also appears in The Darkside Chronicles, though is killed offscreen before he encounters either Leon or Claire.

Steve Burnside
Voiced by: Bill Houston (Code Veronica), Sam Riegel (The Darkside Chronicles)
Steve Burnside (スティーブ・バーンサイド, Sutību Bānsaido) is Claire Redfield's partner in the game Resident Evil Code: Veronica. Steve was imprisoned in the Rockfort Island's facility alongside his father, a former Umbrella employee. He escapes from his cell during the viral outbreak. At first, Steve is hesitant to trust Claire and only cooperates with her reluctantly, but later becomes more open and attached to her after he is forced to kill his own father, who has become a zombie during the outbreak. Steve and Claire eventually end up in Umbrella's Antarctic Facility, where he is captured by Alexia and used as a test subject for the T-Veronica virus. Claire meets a chained Steve, who mutates into a monster and attacks Claire; in this form, he is nearly invulnerable to damage, and wields a giant, ceremonial axe. While running from Steve, Claire is attacked by one of Alexia's tentacles. Steve, seeing this, regains control of his mind and cuts the tentacle apart, freeing Claire. In retaliation, Alexia strikes him with one of the tentacles, inflicting a mortal wound. His failing body finally rejects the mutation, and he changes back. He dies in Claire's arms, just after professing his love to her. He was later taken by Albert Wesker due to the T-Veronica virus in his body, and also hinted that he might come back to life. In The Darkside Chronicles it is revealed that Wesker contacted the drug baron Javier Hidalgo and took a sample of T-Veronica from Steve's corpse in order to sell the virus for Hidalgo's ailing daughter, Manuela.

Zoe Baker
Voiced by (English): Giselle Gilbert (RE7)
Voiced by (Japanese): Yū Kobayashi (RE7)
Face model: Ananda Jacobs (RE7)[92]
Zoe is the youngest member of the Baker family in Resident Evil 7: Biohazard set in 2017, and despite being infected by Eveline like the rest of her family, Zoe is somewhat normal, and serves as a supporting character. Zoe gets in contact with Ethan Winters by telephone several times, asking Ethan if "Daddy" gave him a hard time, as well as giving him tips on how to advance through the area. She was also the person who attached Ethan's severed hand back on after his wife Mia had cut it off, when she temporarily turned crazy. Working alongside of Mia thereafter, Zoe explains to Ethan that due to being infected, a serum needs to be given to each of them before they can escape too. Unfortunately, Ethan has to use one of the two vials to stop the heavily mutated Jack Baker when he returned yet again to try to finish off Ethan, leaving only one dosage remaining. The player can then choose to cure either Mia or Zoe, leading to an alternate story playing out: If Mia is selected, Zoe stays behind to die with the rest of her family, displaying anger over the fact that she felt she never had a future. It is unknown if she is alive during this path, but she is seen during Ethan and Jack's conversation scene. If Zoe is chosen to be cured, she and Ethan try to escape. However, they are both attacked by Eveline, during which Zoe is engulfed by her, killing her.

In the Daughters downloadable content sub-chapter, players control Zoe Baker[93] just as her father rescues Mia and Eveline out in the swamp. Jack brings Eveline into their home during stormy weather to rest up in Lucas' bedroom, but as Zoe is about to change her wet clothes, Eveline looks up, saying, "They're mine now!" and then runs off, laughing maniacally. The power goes out at the same time. Eveline has begun converting the Bakers to her cause, as Zoe finds her mother has gone crazy and attempts to attack her. Jack tries to hold off Marguerite and tells Zoe to get rope from the garage, but by the time she comes back upstairs with it, Jack has already turned, trying to drown Marguerite in the bathtub, and Zoe has to escape through the recreation room as he gives chase. She also witnesses her father dragging Lucas along a hallway. This canonical prequel chapter is strategy based, as Zoe must flee from rather than fight her parents.[94] There's two possible endings: Zoe can either enter the trailer after finding out the passcode number from the attic to learn of the location of a key item, and finds Mia in her trailer, as well as an important note she wrote, or she can use the car keys given to her by her mother, which results in a poor ending due to the player choosing the "wrong path" for Zoe.[95]

Her uncle Joe finds Zoe and two Umbrella operatives who claim they are trying to save her. He takes one hostage, but he later gets killed by Jack. Joe fist fights his way through a marsh to locate a cure. He injects Zoe with some serum he took off a dead soldier, but it only partially heals her. Out in the swamp, he has to get the other half, and ultimately kill his brother, the very much alive, but horribly mutated Jack. Zoe is eventually completely cured after Jack is killed once and for all, and then Ethan contacts her, to reveal he kept his promise to send her help.[96]







Coronavirus
Orthocoronavirinae


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Cet article concerne les coronavirus en général. Pour l'épidémie en cours, voir Épidémie de maladie à coronavirus de 2019-2020. Pour la nouvelle souche en cause dans cette épidémie, voir SARS-CoV-2. Pour la maladie causée par le SARS-CoV-2, voir Maladie à coronavirus 2019.
Orthocoronavirinae

Virions de SARS-CoV
Classification
Type
Virus
Domaine
Riboviria
Ordre
Nidovirales
Sous-ordre
Cornidovirineae
Famille
Coronaviridae
Sous-famille
Orthocoronavirinae
ICTV1
Genres de rang inférieur
Alphacoronavirus (en)
Betacoronavirus
Gammacoronavirus (en)
Deltacoronavirus (en)
Les coronavirus (du latin corona et virus, littéralement « virus à couronne »), ou CoV, sont des virus à ARN monocaténaire de sens positif (groupe IV de la classification Baltimore) correspondant à la sous-famille Orthocoronavirinae de la taxonomie de l'ICTV1.
Ce sont des virus enveloppés, constitués d'une enveloppe virale entourant une nucléocapside à symétrie hélicoïdale. La taille du génome de ces virus varie d'environ 26 à 32 kilobases, valeurs parmi les plus élevées des virus à ARN.
Selon les espèces, ils infectent naturellement les mammifères ou les oiseaux.
Le terme coronavirus provient de l'apparence des virions au microscope électronique, caractérisée par une frange de grandes protubérances entourant l'enveloppe avec l'apparence d'une couronne, par analogie avec la couronne solaire. Tous ces virus ont en commun des protéines désignées par une lettre indiquant leur localisation : S (protubérances), E (enveloppe), M (membrane) et N (nucléocapside). Certains d'entre eux, notamment ceux du sous-groupe A du genre Betacoronavirus, ont une protéine HE (hémagglutinine estérase (en)) caractéristique. Le coronavirus du SRAS présente en outre sur la protéine S un site de liaison spécifique à l'enzyme de conversion de l'angiotensine 22 qui lui sert de point d'entrée dans la cellule hôte.

Sommaire
1
Réplication
2
Maladies
2.1
Coronavirus humains infectant l'Homme
2.2
Coronavirus animal infectant secondairement l'Homme
2.2.1
SRAS
2.2.2
MERS
2.2.3
Maladie à coronavirus 2019
3
Liste des espèces
4
Traitement
5
Notes et références
6
Voir aussi
6.1
Infographie
6.2
Bibliographie
6.3
Sitographie
6.4
Articles connexes
6.5
Liens externes
Réplication


Réplication du virus à couronne.
La réplication des coronavirus suit un modèle détaillé ci-dessous en six étapes successives (voir illustration) :
Grâce à leur protéine S, les coronavirus se lient aux molécules cellulaires de surface telles que les métalloprotéinases. Les virus dotés en plus de la protéine HE (hémagglutinine-estérase) dans leur enveloppe peuvent aussi se lier à l'acide N-acétylneuraminique qui sert de corécepteur (lui-même initiateur de l'entrée d'un pathogène dans une cellule hôte). Jusqu'à présent, on ne sait pas clairement si les virus entrent dans la cellule hôte par la fusion des membranes virales et cellulaires, ou par une internalisation à récepteur. Quel qu’en soit le mécanisme, le brin d'ARN est inséré dans la cellule, et la capside (la coque) est abandonnée.
Les coronavirus sont munis d'un seul génome ARN à brin positif, à présent sur place dans le cytoplasme. Le génome de l'ARN du coronavirus a une coiffe méthylée 5 'et une queue polyadénylée 3', ce qui permet à l'ARN de se fixer aux ribosomes pour la traduction. Les ribosomes de la cellule décodent l'ARN viral, produisant les protéines qui y sont codées.
D'abord l'ARN positif du virus est transcrit en protéine pour former une ARN polymérase propre (une ARN réplicase). La réplicase est la première protéine fabriquée ; une fois le gène codant la réplicase traduit par le ribosome de la cellule hôte, la traduction est arrêtée par un codon stop. Cette réplicase virale ne reconnaît et produit que l'ARN viral, et permet au génome viral d'être transcrit en nouvelles copies d'ARN, à l'aide de la machinerie de la cellule hôte. Se servant du brin positif comme modèle, cet enzyme assemble le brin négatif.
Par la suite, ce brin négatif sert lui-même de modèle pour transcrire de petits ARN sous-génomiques, qui sont utilisés pour fabriquer toutes les autres protéines. C'est ce qu'on appelle une transcription imbriquée. Ce processus est une forme d'économie génétique, permettant au virus de coder le plus grand nombre de gènes dans un petit nombre de nucléotides.
Le génome du brin négatif est traduit par le ribosome de la cellule hôte, et une longue polyprotéine est formée, où toutes les protéines virales sont attachées. Les coronavirus ont une protéine non structurale - une protéase - qui est capable de cliver la polyprotéine.
Par ailleurs, ce brin négatif joue un rôle dans la réplication de nouveaux génomes ARN à brin positif.
Le cytoplasme de la cellule hôte se remplit de protéines et d'ARN viraux.
(a) La protéine N aide à lier l'ARN génomique pour réaliser l’encapsidation du génome virale dans une enveloppe protectrice nommée capside3 ; la protéine M s'intègre à la membrane du réticulum endoplasmique, côté capside ; et des protéines HE et S traversent la membrane du réticulum endoplasmique, via la protéine de translocation, et se positionnent du côté opposé.
(b) Avec la liaison entre la capside et les protéines M, la membrane du réticulum s'invagine, et bourgeonne. La capside (la coque) assemblée dotée d'ARN hélicoïdal se retrouve alors à l'intérieur du réticulum endoplasmique, ayant capturé à son profit la membrane de ce dernier, qui porte à présent à son extérieur les protéines HE et S.
Cette progéniture virale est ensuite (a) encapsulée et transportée par des vésicules golgiennes vers la membrane cellulaire, (b) pour être enfin externalisée (par exocytose) hors de la cellule.
Maladies
Sept types de coronavirus peuvent infecter l'Homme4.
Coronavirus humains infectant l'Homme
Les coronavirus humains infectant l'Homme sont : 229E, NL63, OC43, et HKU1. Les deux premiers appartiennent au genre Alphacoronavirus (en)et les autres au genre Betacoronavirus (voir ci-dessous).
Ces quatre types de virus ont été retrouvés dans près de 10 % des enfants hospitalisés en pédiatrie pour infection respiratoire (Normandie-2006) sans que l'on puisse formellement les mettre en cause[pas clair]5.
Coronavirus animal infectant secondairement l'Homme
Le coronavirus infecte essentiellement les voies digestives et respiratoires supérieures chez les mammifères. On a identifié trois souches de coronavirus capables d'atteindre l'Homme et responsables de pathologies graves.
SRAS
 Article détaillé : Syndrome respiratoire aigu sévère lié au coronavirus.
Le syndrome respiratoire aigu sévère (SRAS, en anglais SARS pour severe acute respiratory syndrome) a une pathogenèse unique puisqu'il entraîne des infections aux voies respiratoires inférieures et supérieures en plus de la possibilité d'une gastro-entérite. On attribue un pourcentage non négligeable de rhumes banals aux coronavirus chez les humains adultes, surtout en hiver ou au début du printemps. Une personne ayant des problèmes de santé aura plus de mal à guérir qu'une personne en bonne santé.
MERS
 Article détaillé : Coronavirus du syndrome respiratoire du Moyen-Orient.
Le syndrome respiratoire du Moyen-Orient (MERS, pour l'anglais Middle East respiratory syndrome) est provoqué par le coronavirus MERS-CoV (dont le nom provisoire était NCoV, pour Novel coronavirus), une souche découverte en septembre 2012 chez un homme originaire du Qatar qui avait récemment voyagé en Arabie saoudite6,7. Le premier cas connu était un Saoudien qui est mort au début de 2012.
Le 30 octobre 2013, les autorités du sultanat d'Oman ont fait état du premier cas dans ce pays du Golfe du coronavirus MERS, qui à cette date, avait déjà fait 52 morts dans l'Arabie saoudite voisine.
Le 14 avril 2016, un bilan de l'OMS recense 1 714 cas notifiés depuis 2012, dont au moins 618 mortels8. 80 % des cas sont localisés en Arabie saoudite9. Deux cas ont également été détectés en France en 2013, dont l'un finalement mortel10.
L'un des réservoirs du MERC-CoV pourrait être le dromadaire11. Selon les CDC américains et une étude publiée le 21 août 2013 dans Emerging Infectious Diseases, les chauve-souris pourraient aussi avoir joué un rôle dans l’épidémie d’Arabie saoudite12; cependant, « toutes les chauve-souris ne sont pas porteuses du virus. Les chercheurs ont pu remarquer que la chauve-souris dont le coronavirus est similaire à celui de l’Homme était détectée près de l’endroit où le premier cas est arrivé chez l’Homme »12.
Maladie à coronavirus 2019
 Article détaillé : maladie à coronavirus 2019.
Une nouvelle forme de syndrome respiratoire, analogue au SRAS, est apparue à Wuhan (province du Hubei, Chine) début décembre 2019. Cette pneumonie, appelée maladie à coronavirus 2019, est due au SARS-CoV-2, un nouveau coronavirus13,14. En janvier 2020, le virus a été nommé provisoirement 2019-nCoV, puis en février définitivement SARS-CoV-2.
La maladie est apparue chez des clients et les commerçants du marché aux poissons de Huanan à Wuhan (où l'on vend aussi des oiseaux, des serpents et des lapins). Elle est d'origine animale et se transmet entre êtres humains15. Le 31 janvier 2020, on constate que le bilan s'alourdit sur 9 776 cas de contamination, la Chine enregistre du début de l'épidémie au 8 février 2020 - 722 décès, épicentre de l'épidémie16. La contagion se répand dans le monde, notamment dans des pays asiatiques, européens, océanique et en Amérique du Nord : le 29 janvier 2020 plus de 6 000 personnes se retrouvent infectées. L'épidémie devient ainsi plus importante que l'épidémie de SRAS, en 200317. Le jeudi 30 janvier au soir, l'Organisation mondiale de la Santé a décrété l'urgence de santé mondiale. Cette mesure n'avait été décrétée que cinq fois depuis sa création : pour Ebola (deux fois), la grippe H1N1, Zika et la poliomyélite.
Liste des espèces
La sous-famille Orthocoronavirinae de la famille Coronaviridae est organisée en 4 genres, 22 sous-genres et une quarantaine d'espèces18:
Sous-famille Orthocoronavirinae
Genre Alphacoronavirus
Sous-genre Colacovirus
Bat coronavirus CDPHE15
Sous-genre Decacovirus
Bat coronavirus HKU10
Rhinolophus ferrumequinum alphacoronavirus HuB-2013
Sous-genre Duvinacovirus
Human coronavirus 229E (en) (HCoV-229E)
Sous-genre Luchacovirus
Lucheng Rn rat coronavirus
Sous-genre Minacovirus
Ferret coronavirus
Mink coronavirus 1
Sous-genre Minunacovirus
Miniopterus bat coronavirus 1
Miniopterus bat coronavirus HKU8
Sous-genre Myotacovirus
Myotis ricketti alphacoronavirus Sax-2011
Nyctacovirus
Nyctalus velutinus alphacoronavirus SC-2013
Sous-genre Pedacovirus
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus
Scotophilus bat coronavirus 512
Sous-genre Rhinacovirus
Rhinolophus bat coronavirus HKU2
Sous-genre Setracovirus
Human coronavirus NL63 (en) (HCoV-NL63)
NL63-related bat coronavirus strain BtKYNL63-9b
Sous-genre Tegacovirus
Alphacoronavirus 1
Genre Betacoronavirus
Sous-genre Embecovirus
Betacoronavirus 1 (incl. Human coronavirus OC43 (en), HCoV-OC43)
China Rattus coronavirus HKU24
Human coronavirus HKU1 (en) (HCoV-HKU1)
Murine coronavirus
Sous-genre Hibecovirus
Bat Hp-betacoronavirus Zhejiang2013
Sous-genre Merbecovirus
Hedgehog coronavirus 1
Middle East respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (MERS-CoV)
Pipistrellus bat coronavirus HKU5
Tylonycteris bat coronavirus HKU4
Sous-genre Nobecovirus
Rousettus bat coronavirus GCCDC1
Rousettus bat coronavirus HKU9
Sous-genre Sarbecovirus
Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (SARS-CoV)
Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)
Genre Gammacoronavirus
Sous-genre Cegacovirus
Beluga whale coronavirus SW1
Sous-genre Igacovirus
Avian infectious bronchitis coronavirus
Genre Deltacoronavirus
Sous-genre Andecovirus
Wigeon coronavirus HKU20
Sous-genre Buldecovirus
Bulbul coronavirus HKU11
Coronavirus HKU15
Munia coronavirus HKU13
White-eye coronavirus HKU16
Sous-genre Herdecovirus
Night heron coronavirus HKU19
Sous-genre Moordecovirus
Common moorhen coronavirus HKU21
Traitement
Le coronavirus est de nature virale, cela enlève toute efficacité aux traitements antibiotiques ou bactériophagiques qui sont, eux, destinés aux infections bactériennes.
Dans le cas du SARS-CoV divers traitements ont été utilisés pour tenter d'enrayer l'épidémie. Les plus fréquents ont été : la ribavirine, un analogue de nucléotides ; des anti-inflammatoires stéroïdiens ; et, après identification formelle du pathogène et des criblages de sensibilité, l'interféron-alpha et des inhibiteurs de protéases.
L'efficacité de ces traitements est cependant sujette à caution. Aucun n'a fait l'objet d'une étude clinique adéquate : l'analyse des études disponibles a montré qu'une grande partie d'entre elles ne permet pas de conclure car elles ont été réalisées sur de petits nombres de sujets ou bien sans protocole ou dose fixe ; de plus, certaines d'entre elles indiquent même que ces traitements pourraient avoir nui à l'éradication du virus19.
Pour ce qui est des vaccins, l'éradication rapide de l'épidémie n'a pas laissé place à beaucoup d'essais cliniques. Un vaccin de virus inactivé, de même que d'autres, fondés sur les protéines S et N, sont à l'étude depuis plusieurs années20.
Notes et références
↑
Revenir plus haut en :
a et b (en) « Virus Taxonomy: 2018b Release » [archive], ICTV, juillet 2018 (consulté le 24 janvier 2020).
↑ (en) Fang Li, Wenhui Li, Michael Farzan et Stephen C. Harrison, « Structure of SARS Coronavirus Spike Receptor-Binding Domain Complexed with Receptor », Science, vol. 309, no 5742,‎ 16 septembre 2005, p. 1864-1868 (PMID 16166518, DOI 10.1126/science.1116480, JSTOR 3843779, Bibcode 2005Sci...309.1864L, lire en ligne [archive])
↑ Hsieh P.K., Chang S.C. and Huang C.C. et al., Assembly of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus RNA packaging signal into virus-like particles is nucleocapsid dependent, J. Virol. 79 (2005), p. 13848–13855.PMID 16254320 [archive] [1] [archive]
↑ (en) CDC, « Human Coronavirus Types » [archive], sur Center for Disease Control Prevention (consulté le 22 janvier 2020)
↑ (en) Vabret A., « Human (non-severe acute respiratory syndrome) coronavirus infections in hospitalised children in France. », Journal of Pediatrics and Child Health,‎ 12 novembre 2007 (lire en ligne [archive])
↑ (en) Stephanie Nebehay, « WHO issues guidance on new virus, gears up for haj » [archive], sur Reuters [archive], 26 septembre 2012 (consulté le 27 septembre 2012).
↑ (en) Tina Hesman Saey, « Scientists race to understand deadly new virus : SARS-like infection causes severe illness, but may not spread quickly », Science News, Washington, Society for Science & the Public, vol. 183, no 6,‎ 23 mars 2013, p. 5-6 (DOI 10.1002/scin.5591830603, lire en ligne [archive]).
↑ « Coronavirus du syndrome respiratoire du Moyen-Orient (MERS-CoV) – Arabie saoudite », Bulletin d’information sur les flambées épidémiques,‎ 14 avril 2016 (lire en ligne [archive], consulté le 26 avril 2016)
↑ Paul Benkimoun, « Flambée de MERS-coronavirus en Arabie saoudite », lemonde.fr,‎ 25 août 2015 (ISSN 1950-6244, lire en ligne [archive], consulté le 25 août 2015).
↑ « Coronavirus : l'état de santé du 2e malade se dégrade » [archive], AFP/France 3 (2013), publié le 13/05/2013, consulté le 13/05/2013.
↑ C.B.E.M. Reusken, B.L. Haagmans, M.A. Müller, C. Gutierrez, G. Godeke, B. Meyer et al., « Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus neutralising serum antibodies in dromedary camels: a comparative serological study » [archive], Lancet Infectious Diseases, 9 août 2013.
↑
Revenir plus haut en :
a et b Olivia Viernes (2013), en savoir plus : « Le coronavirus a tué 47 personnes sur les 96 infectées dans le monde. Les chauve-souris seraient à l’origine du virus selon les autorités américaines » [archive].
↑ (en) Parham Habibzadeh et Emily K. Stoneman, « The Novel Coronavirus: A Bird's Eye View », The International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, vol. 11, no 2,‎ 5 février 2020, p. 65–71 (ISSN 2008-6520 et 2008-6814, DOI 10.15171/ijoem.2020.1921, lire en ligne [archive], consulté le 5 février 2020)
↑ (en) Jon Cohen et Dennis Normile, « New SARS-like virus in China triggers alarm », Science, vol. 367, no 6475,‎ 17 janvier 2020, p. 234-235 (DOI 10.1126/science.367.6475.234).
↑ (en) « China confirms people-to-people transmission of new coronavirus (state media) » [archive], sur France 24, 20 janvier 2020 (consulté le 20 janvier 2020)
↑ « EN DIRECT - Coronavirus : avec 5.974 personnes touchées, le nombre d'infections en Chine dépasse celui du Sras » [archive], sur LCI (consulté le 29 janvier 2020)
↑ « Coronavirus: plus de 6000 cas confirmés dans le monde, le nombre d’infections en Chine dépasse celui du Sras » [archive], sur L'Obs (consulté le 25 février 2020)
↑ (en) « Virus taxonomy: 2018b release » [archive], sur ICTV online, juillet 2018 (consulté le 24 janvier 2020)
↑ Stockman LJ, Bellamy R, Garner P. SARS: systematic review of treatment effects [archive]. PLoS Med. 2006;3:e343. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0030343
↑ Zhu, M. 2004. SARS immunity and vaccination [archive]. Cell. Mol. Immunol. 1:193-198
Voir aussi
Sur les autres projets Wikimedia :
Coronavirus, sur Wikimedia Commonscoronavirus, sur le Wiktionnaire
Infographie
Frédérique Schneider, « Coronavirus, les chiffres de l’épidémie » [archive], sur La Croix, 17 février 2020 (consulté le 18 février 2020)
Xavier Olessa-Daragon, Fiene Marie Kuijper, « 10 points sur le Coronavirus COVID-19 » [archive], sur Le Grand Continent, 26 janvier 2020 (consulté le 28 février 2020).
Bibliographie
(en) Christine V.F. Carrington, Jerome E. Foster, Hua Chen Zhu, Jin Xia Zhang, Gavin J.D. Smith, Nadin Thompson, Albert J. Auguste, Vernie Ramkissoon, Abiodun A. Adesiyun et Yi Guan, « Detection and Phylogenetic Analysis of Group 1 Coronaviruses in South American Bats », Emerging Infectious Diseases journal, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, vol. 14, no 12,‎ décembre 2008, p. 1890-1893 (DOI 10.3201/eid1412.080642, lire en ligne [archive])
Sitographie
Vincent Lehmuller, « La stratégie immunitaire » [archive], sur Le Grand Continent, 26 février 2020 (consulté le 27 février 2020).
Articles connexes
NCoV
Virologie
Coronavirus félin
Péritonite infectieuse féline
Syndrome respiratoire aigu sévère
Pneumopathie atypique
Urgence de santé publique de portée internationale (USPPI)
Liens externes
(en) CDC [archive], CDC Novel Coronavirus [archive] et CDC’s case definitions and guidance [archive].
(en) CDC, Site internet (CDC) consacré au novel coronavirus [archive].
(en) OMS, WHO Novel Coronavirus Infection—UpdateExternal [archive].
(en) Health Protection Agency Novel Coronavirus 2012 [archive].
(fr) Cartes situation générale [2] [archive].
(en) ECDC, ECDC: Novel Coronavirus update to Rapid Risk AssessmentExternal [archive].
(en) CDC Mise à jour : Severe Respiratory Illness Associated with a Novel Coronavirus—Worldwide [archive], 2012–2013 MMWR March 7, 2013/62 (Early Release), p. 1-2.
(en) CDC Severe Respiratory Illness Associated with a Novel Coronavirus — Saudi Arabia and Qatar [archive], 2012 MMWR October 12, 2012/61, p. 820-820.
Portail de la virologie
Catégorie : Coronaviridae[+]


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[Tgo01]

Border control helps how if the illness is already in the nation?.

It's simple: if you can control who comes into your country then you can prevent potentially sick people from entering and making more people sick. It's not like a virus can spread hundreds of miles so if there are already sick people in the US then it's too late. A virus can typically only travel a few hundred feet, if that, and in warmer weather tends to die outside of the human body rather fast.

[Methais]

no one reads any of your posts

Fixed.

[ClydeR]

I just heard that COVID-19 rhymes with Come on Eileen!

too ra loo ra too ra loo rye aye

[Methais]

I just heard that COVID-19 rhymes with Come on Eileen!

too ra loo ra too ra loo rye aye

No it doesn't and you're a fucking idiot.

[~Rocktar~]

https://www.facebook.com/TuckerCarlsonTonight/videos/632408840882638/

[ClydeR]

https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ESrQigDUMAEr-qo?format=png&name=small
https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/1237027356314869761

[Suppa Hobbit Mage]

There is blood in the water. All the litigators are readying their lawsuits. Fucking vultures.


https://nypost.com/2020/03/10/couple-on-coronavirus-grand-princess-cruise-sues-for-more-than-1-million/


A Florida couple on board the coronavirus-stricken Grand Princess cruise ship that has begun to disembark passengers off the California coast is suing the ship's operator for more than $ 1 million — claiming the company lacked proper screening protocols to protect them from the deadly bug.


I hope they get countersued and bankrupted.

[audioserf]

https://www.facebook.com/TuckerCarlsonTonight/videos/632408840882638/

My man is a human goldfish, that is his only facial expression

[Methais]

I heard yesterday that calling this the Wuhan Virus is racist.

Confirmed that ClydeR is racist.

[Astray]

Confirmed that ClydeR is racist.

Re-confirmed.

[Methais]

Re-confirmed.

The R stands for racist.

Isn't that right, ClydeRacist?

[Amerek]

The R stands for racist.

Isn't that right, ClydeRacist?

lmao, so brutal

[Parkbandit]

Overblown panic by really stupid and gullible people.

I can't even get any PPE from Amazon right now because people are gobbling it all up.

So fucking stupid.

[Astray]

Walking through the store for some regular ass shopping. See barren toilet paper shelves and hand sanitizer racks. Get to the bottled water aisle and shit is stacked.

People got fucked priorities.

[Tgo01]

Yeah people are going crazy where I am too. Only reason I started to stock up was because everyone else was stocking up so I was worried I would wake up one day and have to use bread to wipe my ass.

Which strangely enough there is plenty of bread and food on the shelves, but everyone is buying up all of the toilet paper. I guess people aren't too concerned about having to eat if the worst happens but they'll be damned if they don't have that 3 ply toilet paper to wipe their ass with.

[Archigeek]

3rd confirmed diagnosis in Minnesota: 30 years old with no health conditions, now in critical condition. Yikes.

On the other hand, I took advantage of the hysteria to reposition some retirement $s. Covid 19 is not good, but some stocks became better investments after the bloodbath yesterday.

[Methais]

Yeah people are going crazy where I am too. Only reason I started to stock up was because everyone else was stocking up so I was worried I would wake up one day and have to use bread to wipe my ass.

Which strangely enough there is plenty of bread and food on the shelves, but everyone is buying up all of the toilet paper. I guess people aren't too concerned about having to eat if the worst happens but they'll be damned if they don't have that 3 ply toilet paper to wipe their ass with.

https://twitter.com/newscomauHQ/status/1237239256474583040

[Suppa Hobbit Mage]

Genius.


https://www.foxnews.com/lifestyle/coronavirus-shortages-arcade-soap-toilet-paper-hand-sanitzer


It’s all fun and games until you’re battling for toilet paper and soap.


An arcade owner in England might just cash in on the coronavirus outbreak by stocking claw machines with must-have sanitary products in the fight against the viral disease.

[Methais]

1950: I bet we'll have flying cars in the future.

2020:


https://www.foxnews.com/lifestyle/coronavirus-shortages-arcade-soap-toilet-paper-hand-sanitzer

[Methais]

Every tard on Earth right now. Except BacKKKlash because he doesn't believe in wiping.

https://i.imgur.com/wILsWRp.png

[Alfster]

I don't understand why toilet paper is such a hot commodity right now. It's not like the virus gives you the shits.

The lady in front of me at Target spent 300+ dollars on just toilet paper. The fuck you need 2 full carts of it for?

[ClydeR]

Congress Needs to Start Thinking About COVID-19 and the Presidential Election — Now

By Thurgood Marshall Jr. and Steven Okun

More... (http://centerforpolitics.org/crystalball/articles/congress-needs-to-start-thinking-about-covid-19-and-the-presidential-election-now/)


Imagine a person coming to vote only to be turned away if their temperature was above the allowable limit. Would that person not be allowed to vote? One can only imagine the arguments that would ensue, let alone the legal challenges.

This would make the challenges over the “hanging chads” in the 2000 election look civil in comparison.

What if someone is under a quarantine notice and only finds out just before the election? Would they still be allowed to vote?

Will Congress take their advice and prepare? I predict no. We will wait until two or three days before the election to worry about it, and then we'll be in a high stakes court case for three months after the election.

[Gelston]

Will Congress take their advice and prepare? I predict no. We will wait until two or three days before the election to worry about it, and then we'll be in a high stakes court case for three months after the election.

what if you shut the fuck up

[Methais]

Will Congress take their advice and prepare? I predict no. We will wait until two or three days before the election to worry about it, and then we'll be in a high stakes court case for three months after the election.

Shut the fuck up ClydeRacist.

[Tgo01]

https://twitter.com/newscomauHQ/status/1237239256474583040

People are nuts.

[Gelston]

I like nuts.

Keep that to yourself.

[Suppa Hobbit Mage]

Markets are down ~5% again today. FFS people, don't ruin my retirement because you got the sniffles!

[Gelston]

Markets are down ~5% again today. FFS people, don't ruin my retirement because you got the sniffles!

Just keep buying.

[Fortybox]

Markets are down ~5% again today. FFS people, don't ruin my retirement because you got the sniffles!

Huge buying opportunity since people are being massively retarded.

[Methais]

I just assumed people were cashing in their stocks so they can afford all this toilet paper.

[Archigeek]

Huge buying opportunity since people are being massively retarded.

What I did this week already, was move money from some lesser quality stocks to higher quality blue chips that got unjustifiably equally hammered. I expect things to drop some more, as the US situation starts to look like Italy. Then in a few months it will begin to improve, and the markets will come back. If you were smart, you were sitting on some cash, since a lot of stocks were overpriced. The question is, do you put that cash into stocks now, or wait another month?

One factor to also consider is whether or not this will drive us into recession, and how recession proof your employment situation is.

[ClydeR]

As of yesterday's closing, P/E ratios are still above long-term historical averages. The problem is the E in that ratio. Usually we have good projections, but now they're not worth much because of too much uncertainty.

Until at least today, major indices were still up for the preceding 12 months. Right now, that's not true. It's an important psychological line.

Also, we probably officially entered a "bear market" today.

It's all Obama/Biden's fault. They should not have appointed people to pandemic health boards that Trump would want to fire.

[Astray]

As of yesterday's closing, P/E ratios are still above long-term historical averages. The problem is the E in that ratio. Usually we have good projections, but now they're not worth much because of too much uncertainty.

Until at least today, major indices were still up for the preceding 12 months. Right now, that's not true. It's an important psychological line.

Also, we probably officially entered a "bear market" today.

It's all Obama/Biden's fault. They should not have appointed people to pandemic health boards that Trump would want to fire.


Would you sit by a Chinese on a flight?

Answer your own question.

[Methais]

As of yesterday's closing, P/E ratios are still above long-term historical averages. The problem is the E in that ratio. Usually we have good projections, but now they're not worth much because of too much uncertainty.

Until at least today, major indices were still up for the preceding 12 months. Right now, that's not true. It's an important psychological line.

Also, we probably officially entered a "bear market" today.

It's all Obama/Biden's fault. They should not have appointed people to pandemic health boards that Trump would want to fire.

Shut the fuck up loser.

[Parkbandit]

Shut the fuck up loser.

You know he's so sensitive that he can't actually say what he means.. he has to come up with an alt account and use it consistently for 13 years....

Honestly, he's got to be the biggest thin skinned pussy ever. The perfect example of a "Sensitive snowflake".

[Methais]

You know he's so sensitive that he can't actually say what he means.. he has to come up with an alt account and use it consistently for 13 years....

Honestly, he's got to be the biggest thin skinned pussy ever. The perfect example of a "Sensitive snowflake".

This is correct.

[Tgo01]

Democrats in Congress want to overrule Trump's travel bans and reverse them.

The fuck is wrong with Democrats?

"Hey this virus is going around, killing people and wrecking economies. Let's open our borders to everyone!"

Say it with me now: the Democratic party are literally terrorists.

[ClydeR]

This will be Trump's second Oval Office address. His highly successful first address was about the government shutdown.

Do you know what made Trump decide tonight was the right time to address the nation?



https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ES21YvTUUAweMbf?format=png&name=small

[ClydeR]

The White House ordered meetings where officials discussed the coronavirus to be classified, which barred information and delayed the government’s response, four Trump administration officials told Reuters.

Federal health officials were directed to keep dozens of meetings that started in mid-January, including discussions on the scope of infections, quarantines and travel restrictions confidential, Reuters reported Wednesday.

More... (https://thehill.com/policy/healthcare/public-global-health/487040-white-house-ordered-coronavirus-meetings-classified)


The Trump administration has been accused of shutting experts out of coronavirus discussions. These officials said experts without security clearance could not enter the meetings, causing some advice to be delayed until an unclassified meeting.


If you had to guess, what would you guess was the reason for classifying the meetings? I think they were discussing who would be chosen to go into the underground silos, to emerge in two years to carry on the species.

[Alfster]

Democrats in Congress want to overrule Trump's travel bans and reverse them.

The fuck is wrong with Democrats?

"Hey this virus is going around, killing people and wrecking economies. Let's open our borders to everyone!"

Say it with me now: the Democratic party are literally terrorists.

They're voting on the travel bans for issues outside of the virus.

The decision allowed the administration to restrict entry from citizens of seven countries — Iran, Libya, North Korea, Somalia, Syria, Venezuela and Yemen — because they were determined to be uncooperative in sharing information the U.S. needed to vet incoming visitors.

[Alfster]

Not to mention, isn't it just the flu? Is that still fake news? I can't keep up with the goalposts

[Tgo01]

They're voting on the travel bans for issues outside of the virus.

They want to limit the president's abilities to restrict travel, which would have prevented Trump from restricting travel from China and shit.

This really isn't that difficult of a concept.


Not to mention, isn't it just the flu? Is that still fake news? I can't keep up with the goalposts

Just had to get your TDS post in didn't you?

Whether it's going to kill fewer or more people than the flu is irrelevant to the discussion, which is we need the president to be able to unilaterally make decisions such as who is and isn't allowed to enter the country. The last thing we need is perhaps the most dysfunctional governmental body in the entire world to make these decisions promptly when the need arises.

[DoctorUnne]

Whether the concerns are justified or not, the reactions and resulting economic impact are real. Read yesterday's transcript at the JPM conference from the UAL CEO. United has gone into survival mode. No hiring, potential furloughs, etc. American might go bankrupt because they're so levered. Hilton has scrambled to secure all the liquidity they can. These companies are prepping for months with revenue down 50%, not down 10-20% like in the GFC. March Madness will have no fans. What happens to all the stadium employees? We'll prob get massive stimulus and it may be short-lived, but I think it gets painful.

[Tgo01]

Whether the concerns are justified or not, the reactions and resulting economic impact are real. Read yesterday's transcript at the JPM conference from the UAL CEO. United has gone into survival mode. No hiring, potential furloughs, etc. American might go bankrupt because they're so levered. Hilton has scrambled to secure all the liquidity they can. These companies are prepping for months with revenue down 50%, not down 10-20% like in the GFC. March Madness will have no fans. What happens to all the stadium employees? We'll prob get massive stimulus and it may be short-lived, but I think it gets painful.

Yup. The media and Democrats so badly wanted the economy to turn to shit so they could blame Trump and they have made it a reality. Hope it was worth it. Democrats.

[ClydeR]

This is the way it always was and always will be, Trump said, referring to the fact that people have challenges from time to time.

The speech was mostly about restricting travel from Europe, or at least from the continental classes.

[Fortybox]

Yup. The media and Democrats so badly wanted the economy to turn to shit so they could blame Trump and they have made it a reality. Hope it was worth it. Democrats.

Yep - Democrats actually have a chance now. If the economy doesn't recover Trump is screwed.

[Archigeek]

Yup. The media and Democrats so badly wanted the economy to turn to shit so they could blame Trump and they have made it a reality. Hope it was worth it. Democrats.

So what you're saying is that the Democrats are so powerful that they created a virus, and made it spread to the point that the economy is going to go to shit? And to cover their tracks they got it started in China? With that kind of power, you should be voting for them!

The truth is that the US is pretty poorly prepared for this, and it's going to get really shitty for a while, and it's because of a virus that doesn't descriminate by political party. But sure, keep blaming the Democrats.

[Tgo01]

So what you're saying is that the Democrats are so powerful that they created a virus, and made it spread to the point that the economy is going to go to shit? And to cover their tracks they got it started in China? With that kind of power, you should be voting for them!

You know darn well I'm not saying that at all, stop acting like the media and Democrats in Congress.

I'm saying Democrats and their media lapdogs have ramped up hysteria over this so much that entire economies around the world are probably going to collapse.

[Archigeek]

You know darn well I'm not saying that at all, stop acting like the media and Democrats in Congress.

I'm saying Democrats and their media lapdogs have ramped up hysteria over this so much that entire economies around the world are probably going to collapse.

Which is almost as dumb on your part, if you believe that's where this hysteria is coming from. Think of it this way: an authoritarian country like China couldn't control this virus, do you think a freedom loving country like the US is going to be able to shut it down before it goes to shit? Not likely. It's going to get worse before it gets better... and then it'll get better. The only questions right now are will it get worse than it did in China? And how long will it take for things to stabilize?

[Tgo01]

Which is almost as dumb on your part, if you believe that's where this hysteria is coming from.

That's exactly where the hysteria is coming from. You think people need to stock up on 6 months worth of toilet paper, water, disinfectant wipes, and other shit because of this virus? Why would anyone need to do that? And yet here people are doing exactly that and why? Because Democrats and the media are hyping the shit out of this thing.

Stay home! Don't work! Don't get on an airplane! Avoid any crowd larger than 20! Be sure to get tested if you have sneezed a week ago!

These are some of the shit people are saying and doing.

No one is suggesting (at least no one I have noticed) to pretend nothing is happening, but the more reasonable suggestions are: wash your hands, don't touch your face, practice "social distancing", cough or sneeze into your elbow, use wipes on commonly touched surfaces, restrict travel except for emergencies. Most of this shit people should be doing anyways every single day regardless if a pandemic is happening or not.

Remember Obama's virus scare during his first year in office? Remember how he didn't even declare an emergency until over 1000 Americans died? Remember how the media and Democrats weren't even making a fraction of the noise about that then compared to what they are now?

Yeah. Shit like that. Don't play dumb.

It might get worse here than in China? Unless China is completely lying (which is possible), experts are saying they are already over the worst of it, and they only have around 3000 deaths. Even if it's ten times worse here that's 30k deaths, still a lot of deaths and very tragic, but to keep things in perspective that's about how many Americans die every year to the seasonal flu and I don't see us shutting every thing down every time flu season rolls around. I don't see empty shelves in the grocery store every time flu season comes around. And I don't see the media or Democrats creating a frenzy every time the flu comes around. Why is that? Do you have any answers? You seem to know it all.

[Stolis]

Are we surprised that a virus that is causing some pretty bad respiratory issues is going to kill a lot of people in a country with some of the worst air pollution in the world?

[Tgo01]

Are we surprised that a virus that is causing some pretty bad respiratory issues is going to kill a lot of people in a country with some of the worst air pollution in the world?

Not to mention China has worse health care than the US and some pretty bad hygiene standards, Chinese people are notorious for spitting (like spitting A LOT), pissing, and even shitting on the sidewalks, even when they are tourists in other countries. They think this virus started at a food vendor where they were keeping sick, dead, and live animals of multiple different species (including bats and rats) all sitting together in close proximity. This shit would never fly in the US.

Also China is in a weird position, they are essentially a third world and a first world country at the same time, some people live a first world lifestyle and some live a third world lifestyle complete with the diseases and bad hygiene practices that come with it, and these groups of people are often living together or at least in close proximity.

Lastly China was at a disadvantage compared to the rest of the world because the virus originated there, everyone else had a head start and could prepare for it coming to their country.

Is it gonna get worse here than did it in China? Doubtful. But the economic impact might be a hell of a lot worse because the media and Democrats are hell bent on that happening.

[Astray]

Isn't Communism great though?

[Suppa Hobbit Mage]

The truth is that the US is pretty poorly prepared for this, and it's going to get really shitty for a while, and it's because of a virus that doesn't descriminate by political party. But sure, keep blaming the Democrats.

The truth is that the democrats have been rooting for this from go. It's their only chance, outside of a clearly neurologically deficient candidate.

[Suppa Hobbit Mage]

Which is almost as dumb on your part, if you believe that's where this hysteria is coming from. Think of it this way: an authoritarian country like China couldn't control this virus, do you think a freedom loving country like the US is going to be able to shut it down before it goes to shit? Not likely. It's going to get worse before it gets better... and then it'll get better. The only questions right now are will it get worse than it did in China? And how long will it take for things to stabilize?

China quarantined their military, their government employees... literally as soon as they realized it was happening in Wuhan. To equate them selling out their civilians, versus the US trying to stop it, is literal retardation. Do two seconds of research before you sell out the US. Just saying.

[Archigeek]

China quarantined their military, their government employees... literally as soon as they realized it was happening in Wuhan. To equate them selling out their civilians, versus the US trying to stop it, is literal retardation. Do two seconds of research before you sell out the US. Just saying.

Not sure how you made that leap of logic. WITH an authoritarian government that can do the things you stated, or whatever else they wanted to do like quarantining an entire very large city, they still had a hard time getting it under control. I'm saying that we won't be willing or able to do that sort of thing, and therefore it might be harder to control here.

We do have some advantages. One being that smokers were much more likely to be fatalities, and the Chinese, particularly men, smoke more than Americans, (the death rate amongst elderly men was something like 6x higher than elderly women in China, and elderly women smoke much much less there than men do). On the downside, we have a much bigger obesity problem, which will contribute to the death rate here. No one knows for sure what's going to happen, but people didn't go out and buy tons of toilet paper because the Democrats told them to. I still don't know why people did that, the stores were out of kleenex?

[DoctorUnne]

The mortality rate in Italy is higher than it is in China based on reported figures. It is very similar in other parts of continental Europe and so far early in the US. The daily rate of case growth in continental Europe looks exactly like Hubei did before China went on lockdown. We don't know what would have happened if China didn't go on lockdown, but I believe it would have been way more than 3K deaths. Would it have been 30K or 300K? Who knows. But some of the extreme measures China has taken are no joke and worth reading about.

http://https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/04/health/coronavirus-china-aylward.html (https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/04/health/coronavirus-china-aylward.html)

[~Rocktar~]

Pretty sure that China is also lying about the death rate there.

[Menos]

Pretty sure that China is also lying about the death rate there.

Also pretty sure the sky is blue and water is wet.

[Fortybox]

Pretty sure that China is also lying about the death rate there.

We don't really have the denominator in the equation. Plenty of people have the virus and either don't have any symptoms or it's mild enough that it's not recognized for what it is. People are being massively retarded about this and like Tgo said, Democrats are exploiting the opportunity with the media to create fear around this and to blow it out of proportion.

[Methais]

So what you're saying is that the Democrats are so powerful that they created a virus, and made it spread to the point that the economy is going to go to shit? And to cover their tracks they got it started in China? With that kind of power, you should be voting for them!

The truth is that the US is pretty poorly prepared for this, and it's going to get really shitty for a while, and it's because of a virus that doesn't descriminate by political party. But sure, keep blaming the Democrats.


Which is almost as dumb on your part, if you believe that's where this hysteria is coming from. Think of it this way: an authoritarian country like China couldn't control this virus, do you think a freedom loving country like the US is going to be able to shut it down before it goes to shit? Not likely. It's going to get worse before it gets better... and then it'll get better. The only questions right now are will it get worse than it did in China? And how long will it take for things to stabilize?

I think what he's saying is that democrats never let a crisis go to waste.

[Methais]

Also China is in a weird position, they are essentially a third world and a first world country at the same time, some people live a first world lifestyle and some live a third world lifestyle complete with the diseases and bad hygiene practices that come with it, and these groups of people are often living together or at least in close proximity.

Just like San Francisco.

[Methais]

The truth is that the democrats have been rooting for this from go. It's their only chance, outside of a clearly neurologically deficient candidate.

This is correct.

Remember when Obama didn't declare a state of emergency over Swine Flu or whatever it was until over 1000 Americans died while the media kept telling people to not panic?

Weird.

[Alfster]

Taking politics out of this - I really hope we're able to ramp up testing and get closer to how south Korea is handling this. Testing is critical to slowing down a spreading virus - as anyone who has been in contact with someone that is confirmed could be carrying it.

I know here - there's a confirmed case where the spouse isn't being allowed testing because she shows no symptoms. She's being told to self quarantine and if she develops symptoms she can get tested.

[Archigeek]

Taking politics out of this - I really hope we're able to ramp up testing and get closer to how south Korea is handling this. Testing is critical to slowing down a spreading virus - as anyone who has been in contact with someone that is confirmed could be carrying it.

I know here - there's a confirmed case where the spouse isn't being allowed testing because she shows no symptoms. She's being told to self quarantine and if she develops symptoms she can get tested.

There have been complaints about availability of testing, but I think we should remember that this virus was only identified in what, November or December of last year? My brother in law is an infectious disease specialist, and he talked about this in an hour long presentation to the rest of the staff at his hospital/clinic. On the one hand, it's impressive that he has 80 test kits just 2 months after virus ID, but on the other hand everyone needs/wants more.

Protocols for testing and treatment are both being driven by CDC guidelines, along with normal practice for treating patients with similar diseases.

[Alfster]

I mean, if south Korea can make it happen why can't we?

[Tgo01]

Taking politics out of this - I really hope we're able to ramp up testing and get closer to how south Korea is handling this. Testing is critical to slowing down a spreading virus - as anyone who has been in contact with someone that is confirmed could be carrying it.

I know here - there's a confirmed case where the spouse isn't being allowed testing because she shows no symptoms. She's being told to self quarantine and if she develops symptoms she can get tested.

“Taking politics out of this.”

All of the US experts I have seen said testing isn’t necessary unless you are showing symptoms, otherwise everyone and their dog will want to be tested.

The only people I have seen suggesting more people without symptoms should be tested is the media and Democrats, and I think it was Fauci himself who warned that would just lead to a lot of false positives which would make the situation worse.

Funny how the media was all over Fauci’s dick when they heard (from themselves) that he was being silenced by Trump, but ever since Fauci has largely agreed with Trump’s actions he’s no longer their golden boy and they act like they know better than him.

[Risen]

Thousands of miles away in South Korea, authorities have a different response to a similar-sized outbreak. They are testing hundreds of thousands of people for infections and tracking potential carriers like detectives, using cell phone and satellite technology.

Both countries saw their first cases of the disease called COVID-19 in late January. South Korea has since reported 67 deaths out of nearly 8,000 confirmed cases, after testing more than 222,000 people. In contrast, Italy has had 827 deaths and identified more than 12,000 cases after carrying out more than 73,000 tests on an unspecified number of people.

https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-response-specialre/italy-and-south-korea-virus-outbreaks-reveal-disparity-in-deaths-and-tactics-idUSKBN20Z27P

Probably not going to sell Big-Brother tactics across the US.

[Orthin]

All I can say is if they do implement testing I hope it’s rectally and I hope there’s no limit to how many times you can be tested. HIIIYOOO

[Archigeek]

All I can say is if they do implement testing I hope it’s rectally and I hope there’s no limit to how many times you can be tested. HIIIYOOO

Sorry to disappoint, but it's a nasal swab and a throat swab. That said, the virus does test positive in fecal matter, but the assumption is those are dead cells. We expect Methias to test fecal transmission soon. Then we can decide if the addition of an anal test is required.

[Astray]

Corona spreads through sharts, you heard it here first.

[Methais]

Corona spreads through sharts, you heard it here first.

RIP San Francisco.

[Methais]

Sorry to disappoint, but it's a nasal swab and a throat swab. That said, the virus does test positive in fecal matter, but the assumption is those are dead cells. We expect Methias to test fecal transmission soon. Then we can decide if the addition of an anal test is required.

I'm not the shart guy, I'm just an imitation shart repper.

Is it detectable on a blood test? If so just go somewhere to donate blood and then they'll have to test you. And then you'll get paid if you're clean. Probably.

[Methais]

Just move to Nigeria.

https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/world/coronavirus-maps.html

https://i.imgur.com/1pk3ZvH.png

Or one of these states:

https://i.imgur.com/b1aZgHe.png

https://i.imgur.com/HePlrbJ.png

[Neveragain]

There have been complaints about availability of testing, but I think we should remember that this virus was only identified in what, November or December of last year? My brother in law is an infectious disease specialist, and he talked about this in an hour long presentation to the rest of the staff at his hospital/clinic. On the one hand, it's impressive that he has 80 test kits just 2 months after virus ID, but on the other hand everyone needs/wants more.

Protocols for testing and treatment are both being driven by CDC guidelines, along with normal practice for treating patients with similar diseases.

Just got back from the doctor, they are pissed that this has been blown out of proportion.

Doc "We have good news for you. Because of this covid-19, patients have been canceling all their appointments with the neurologist. We can get you in tomorrow morning."

Me "Yea, I think it's a little silly."

Doc "Actually it's stupid. Covid-19 is nothing more than a bad cold. The flu is a much greater threat. The media has to have something to scare people with."

Thank you covid-19, I was going to be waiting 6 more weeks to see a neurologist.

The media needs to be held accountable for this charade.

[Archigeek]

Just got back from the doctor, they are pissed that this has been blown out of proportion.

Doc "We have good news for you. Because of this covid-19, patients have been canceling all their appointments with the neurologist. We can get you in tomorrow morning."

Me "Yea, I think it's a little silly."

Doc "Actually it's stupid. Covid-19 is nothing more than a bad cold. The flu is a much greater threat. The media has to have something to scare people with."

Thank you covid-19, I was going to be waiting 6 more weeks to see a neurologist.

The media needs to be held accountable for this charade.

It's far more dangerous than the cold, but great for you, getting in to see a specialist in short order. Hope it goes well.

Hopefully it evolves into just another form of the common cold, like the 4 common Corona viruses that are out there, but currently that's not the case.

[Tgo01]

It's far more dangerous than the cold

It's just slightly more dangerous than the flu at the moment. Again why aren't we shutting down schools, large gatherings, and entire sectors of the economy every time flu season rolls around?

Because the media are the ones scaring the shit out of everyone. But the blame doesn't rest solely on their shoulders, they are just following the marching orders handed down by the DNC.

[Neveragain]

It's far more dangerous than the cold, but great for you, getting in to see a specialist in short order. Hope it goes well.

I take no pleasure in knowing that I'm able to see a neurologist simply because people that need to see a neurologist are canceling appointments because they are being lied to about a bad cold.

"I'll just put off my neurological disease because the media has turned the common cold into the black plague."

[Archigeek]

It's just slightly more dangerous than the flu at the moment. Again why aren't we shutting down schools, large gatherings, and entire sectors of the economy every time flu season rolls around?

Because the media are the ones scaring the shit out of everyone. But the blame doesn't rest solely on their shoulders, they are just following the marching orders handed down by the DNC.

Most current data suggests it is 10-20x more deadly than the flu, which is more deadly than the common cold. It is true that the death rate will fluctuate, and hopefully come down. This is in part because initially only the sickest people get tested, as well as evolution of the virus.

To say it's only slightly more deadly than the common flu is either disingenuous or willful ignorance.

[Suppa Hobbit Mage]

We have to flatten the curve of the virus, so our healthcare systems aren't overwhelmed. That's why people are freaking out. It's that if it goes big, heathcare will run out of beds, respirators, etc. The danger is not slowing it down, and then not being able to actually treat people. That's when the death rate would skyrocket, and that's why things are being canceled... it's precaution. I think the markets are overreacting, but I don't think the measures being taken to slow it down, to mitigate it, are anything except for good ideas.

[Suppa Hobbit Mage]

Here is a great article about "flattening the curve".

https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/11/science/coronavirus-curve-mitigation-infection.html

[ClydeR]

Doc "Actually it's stupid. Covid-19 is nothing more than a bad cold. The flu is a much greater threat. The media has to have something to scare people with."


Your doctor is mistaken. COVID-19, which is caused by the coronavirus, is at least 10 times more likely to kill the average person than the flu. Furthermore, because there is no immunity in the population, more people will have it, creating more opportunities to be infected.

I can--and do--predict with a high level of confidence that more than one member of this particular online forum community will die from the virus within the next 90 days. Unfortunately for us all, but truthfully, it is a statistical near certainty.

The government will fail us. About 1/4th of the US population will eventually be infected. But there is no need for panic. Arm yourself with knowledge. Knowledge overcomes fear and increases your chances.

Good night, and good luck.

[Astray]

Your doctor is mistaken. COVID-19, which is caused by the coronavirus, is at least 10 times more likely to kill the average person than the flu. Furthermore, because there is no immunity in the population, more people will have it, creating more opportunities to be infected.

I can--and do--predict with a high level of confidence that more than one member of this particular online forum community will die from the virus within the next 90 days. Unfortunately for us all, but truthfully, it is a statistical near certainty.

The government will fail us. About 1/4th of the US population will eventually be infected. But there is no need for panic. Arm yourself with knowledge. Knowledge overcomes fear and increases your chances.

Good night, and good luck.

You're retarded.

[Alfster]

We have to flatten the curve of the virus, so our healthcare systems aren't overwhelmed. That's why people are freaking out. It's that if it goes big, heathcare will run out of beds, respirators, etc. The danger is not slowing it down, and then not being able to actually treat people. That's when the death rate would skyrocket, and that's why things are being canceled... it's precaution. I think the markets are overreacting, but I don't think the measures being taken to slow it down, to mitigate it, are anything except for good ideas.

Yup. Agreed 100%, which is why I'm for the south Korea style of testing people. That way you know for sure isolating yourself is a good idea.

[Neveragain]

Your doctor is mistaken. COVID-19, which is caused by the coronavirus, is at least 10 times more likely to kill the average person than the flu. Furthermore, because there is no immunity in the population, more people will have it, creating more opportunities to be infected.

I can--and do--predict with a high level of confidence that more than one member of this particular online forum community will die from the virus within the next 90 days. Unfortunately for us all, but truthfully, it is a statistical near certainty.

The government will fail us. About 1/4th of the US population will eventually be infected. But there is no need for panic. Arm yourself with knowledge. Knowledge overcomes fear and increases your chances.

Good night, and good luck.

i'll take this doctors word over you, the media or any made for TV doctors.

I can--and do--predict with a high level of confidence that nobody from these forums will die from covid-19 and we will be talking about another media driven fear campaign within the next 90 days.

[Tgo01]

Most current data suggests it is 10-20x more deadly than the flu

Yeah current data. Remember swine flu and how bad the death rate was at the time (and for some strange reason still didn't get even a fraction of the scare the Wuhan Virus is getting)? Then remember years later the experts estimated that around 1 billion people worldwide probably got the swine flu and yet only about a 250k people died from it, meaning the death rate was around .01%, even less deadly than the annual flu?

1 year from now when all of the numbers are tallied the experts will determine the Wuhan Virus was just slightly more deadly than the yearly flu, but the effects of the media driven frenzy will probably cause much more harm than the virus could have even dreamed of, if viruses were capable of dreaming.

[Tgo01]

but I don't think the measures being taken to slow it down, to mitigate it, are anything except for good ideas.

Sure having people work from home whenever possible is a good idea, as is encouraging people to cancel non-essential trips, encouraging elderly to not get on an airplane or a cruise ship, encouraging people to stay home when sick, and canceling school.

But now we are canceling all sporting events because one guy in the NBA tested positive? What's next, shutting down Hollywood because Tom Hanks has the Wuhan flu?

[Tgo01]

Yup. Agreed 100%, which is why I'm for the south Korea style of testing people. That way you know for sure isolating yourself is a good idea.

You should be isolating yourself if you have the symptoms anyways, regardless of if you've been tested or not.

What more testing do you want exactly?

[Alfster]

You should be isolating yourself if you have the symptoms anyways, regardless of if you've been tested or not.

What more testing do you want exactly?

Once you have the symptoms you've already been walking around with it for 5 to 10 days, passing it on. It's too late at that point That's why I like what south Korea has done.

[Suppa Hobbit Mage]

Sure having people work from home whenever possible is a good idea, as is encouraging people to cancel non-essential trips, encouraging elderly to not get on an airplane or a cruise ship, encouraging people to stay home when sick, and canceling school.

But now we are canceling all sporting events because one guy in the NBA tested positive? What's next, shutting down Hollywood because Tom Hanks has the Wuhan flu?

Read the article I linked, it explains why. If we all stayed home for two weeks and didn't interact, this would be over. So venues are trying to help it along.

[Risen]

You must spread some Reputation around before giving it to Suppa Hobbit Mage again.

Spot on. And it is even in the media! Amazing, the powers and reach of the media. The reader though. Different story.

[Stolis]

Sure having people work from home whenever possible is a good idea, as is encouraging people to cancel non-essential trips, encouraging elderly to not get on an airplane or a cruise ship, encouraging people to stay home when sick, and canceling school.

But now we are canceling all sporting events because one guy in the NBA tested positive? What's next, shutting down Hollywood because Tom Hanks has the Wuhan flu?


Your doctor is mistaken. COVID-19, which is caused by the coronavirus, is at least 10 times more likely to kill the average person than the flu. Furthermore, because there is no immunity in the population, more people will have it, creating more opportunities to be infected.

I can--and do--predict with a high level of confidence that more than one member of this particular online forum community will die from the virus within the next 90 days. Unfortunately for us all, but truthfully, it is a statistical near certainty.

The government will fail us. About 1/4th of the US population will eventually be infected. But there is no need for panic. Arm yourself with knowledge. Knowledge overcomes fear and increases your chances.

Good night, and good luck.

Sorry you have Coronavirus. Enjoy your remaining days.


The NBA cancelling I guess I kinda understand. One player tests positive, that means the entire team has to be quarantined. Not quite fair to them, so if they suspend play for them, gotta do it for all. It's stupid but I get it.

[Neveragain]

shutting down Hollywood because Tom Hanks has the Wuhan flu?

In all honesty, Hollywood has been shut down for years now.

[Risen]

Does shutting down Broadway count?

[Tgo01]

Once you have the symptoms you've already been walking around with it for 5 to 10 days, passing it on. It's too late at that point That's why I like what south Korea has done.

Again what testing parameters do you want to see? Seems like you're just repeating the vague bullshit in the media that "more testing" needs to be done without explaining when and why and where and of course it's all Trump's fault for why we're not doing more testing. Why do we need more testing? Uncertain. But we need more testing and we aren't doing more testing because Trump.


Read the article I linked, it explains why. If we all stayed home for two weeks and didn't interact, this would be over. So venues are trying to help it along.

I've read that article before. We can't all stay home two weeks every time a virus rolls around. I mean we could, but far more people are going to suffer due to disruptions to our economy and things like food and water being shipped to stores all across the US.

The guy says he's taking some measure (like washing hands frequently and sneezing/coughing into his elbow, which everyone should be doing every day regardless of a pandemic or not), but he also says he's going about his day like normal. He doesn't suggest canceling all events and having everyone stock up on toilet paper and water and hide in their room for a few weeks with their horded goods like people are doing because of the panic caused by the media.

[beldannon5]

If someone dies from this group it will probably be someone that uses industrial alcohol to try and help their viruses. Wouldnt surprise me if we had a tide pod person here

[Astray]

If someone dies from this group it will probably be someone that uses industrial alcohol to try and help their viruses. Wouldnt surprise me if we had a tide pod person here

9/10 hospital doctors recommend ingesting bleach to combat the Corona virus.

[Parkbandit]

I can--and do--predict with a high level of confidence that more than one member of this particular online forum community will die from the virus within the next 90 days. Unfortunately for us all, but truthfully, it is a statistical near certainty.

You should leave your mother's basement, go to the mall and lick every door knob you come into contact with.

Hopefully, you can make your prediction come true.

[Parkbandit]

The NBA cancelling I guess I kinda understand. One player tests positive, that means the entire team has to be quarantined. Not quite fair to them, so if they suspend play for them, gotta do it for all. It's stupid but I get it.

Probably more about the crowds that gather for these sporting events than the actual players getting sick.

[Tisket]

All the schools shut down in Western Washington until late April.

Fuck my life.

[Tgo01]

The number of new daily cases in the US peaked on March 1st.

In South Korea it peaked on February 29th.

The cases in China supposedly peaked a few weeks ago as well.

Italy of course is still fucked at the moment as the number of daily cases hasn't yet peaked in their country.

It's not a guarantee, but typically when the number of new daily cases peak that means the virus is on the way out in that country, and with Trump taking measures to ensure we cut off the flow of most of these infections (namely Europe) that means as of right now the stats are telling us the US is well on the way of containing this virus. This could change of course, I'm not saying we are out of the woods yet, just pointing out how ridiculous the media is for whipping everyone into a frenzy and suggesting Trump isn't doing enough.

Remember when the media couldn't suck their own dicks hard enough when they said Trump cared more about the stock market than he did about Americans dying? Remember how just last night Trump really fucked over the stock market by banning all incoming travel from Europe? Remember how the media STILL insisted he wasn't doing enough? The fuck is wrong with the people playing along with the media's fevered dreams?

[Stolis]

Sure having people work from home whenever possible is a good idea, as is encouraging people to cancel non-essential trips, encouraging elderly to not get on an airplane or a cruise ship, encouraging people to stay home when sick, and canceling school.

But now we are canceling all sporting events because one guy in the NBA tested positive? What's next, shutting down Hollywood because Tom Hanks has the Wuhan flu?


Your doctor is mistaken. COVID-19, which is caused by the coronavirus, is at least 10 times more likely to kill the average person than the flu. Furthermore, because there is no immunity in the population, more people will have it, creating more opportunities to be infected.

I can--and do--predict with a high level of confidence that more than one member of this particular online forum community will die from the virus within the next 90 days. Unfortunately for us all, but truthfully, it is a statistical near certainty.

The government will fail us. About 1/4th of the US population will eventually be infected. But there is no need for panic. Arm yourself with knowledge. Knowledge overcomes fear and increases your chances.

Good night, and good luck.


Probably more about the crowds that gather for these sporting events than the actual players getting sick.

Also pretty true. Props to Rudy Gobert intentionally touching every microphone on the way out of the interview room, aaaaaaaand then testing positive for Coronavirus

[Alfster]

The number of new daily cases in the US peaked on March 1st.

In South Korea it peaked on February 29th.

The cases in China supposedly peaked a few weeks ago as well.

Italy of course is still fucked at the moment as the number of daily cases hasn't yet peaked in their country.



If you think it's peaked in the us you're straight up retarded. You can't have an increase when you're not testing enough people.

Anyone with flu like symptoms should be tested, then move on to people they've interacted with closely. It's way to late if you wait until you're showing symptoms.

[Suppa Hobbit Mage]

I've read that article before. We can't all stay home two weeks every time a virus rolls around. I mean we could, but far more people are going to suffer due to disruptions to our economy and things like food and water being shipped to stores all across the US.

The guy says he's taking some measure (like washing hands frequently and sneezing/coughing into his elbow, which everyone should be doing every day regardless of a pandemic or not), but he also says he's going about his day like normal. He doesn't suggest canceling all events and having everyone stock up on toilet paper and water and hide in their room for a few weeks with their horded goods like people are doing because of the panic caused by the media.

I'm pretty sure we read totally different articles then, because the one I linked and read discusses why it's important to flatten the curve. You clearly focused on something else.

[Tgo01]

If you think it's peaked in the us you're straight up retarded.

I didn't say it has peaked, I said from the information we have it has peaked.


You can't have an increase when you're not testing enough people.

"We're not testing enough people! We need to test millions!!!"


Anyone with flu like symptoms should be tested

Everyone with flu like symptoms? So everyone with a cough or a runny nose or feels a bit tired? You for real?

[Tgo01]

I'm pretty sure we read totally different articles then, because the one I linked and read discusses why it's important to flatten the curve. You clearly focused on something else.

Yeah it's important to slow the rate of infections as opposed to letting everyone get infected at once, but the article you link doesn't say anything about closing everything down.

[Suppa Hobbit Mage]

Yeah it's important to slow the rate of infections as opposed to letting everyone get infected at once, but the article you link doesn't say anything about closing everything down.

OK you win.

[Archigeek]

I didn't say it has peaked, I said from the information we have it has peaked.



"We're not testing enough people! We need to test millions!!!"



Everyone with flu like symptoms? So everyone with a cough or a runny nose or feels a bit tired? You for real?

Actually that is literally what you said.

[Tgo01]

Actually that is literally what you said.


It's not a guarantee, but typically when the number of new daily cases peak that means the virus is on the way out in that country, and with Trump taking measures to ensure we cut off the flow of most of these infections (namely Europe) that means as of right now the stats are telling us the US is well on the way of containing this virus. This could change of course, I'm not saying we are out of the woods yet

Okay so that's two people who can't read so far. Who else can't read?

[Tgo01]

Apparently the Democrats wanted to put abortion funding in the latest Wuhan Virus emergency funding which is why the White House and Republicans shot it down.

What the fuck is wrong with Democrats? Just pass a clean fucking bill.

[Neveragain]

Apparently the Democrats wanted to put abortion funding in the latest Wuhan Virus emergency funding which is why the White House and Republicans shot it down.

What the fuck is wrong with Democrats? Just pass a clean fucking bill.

The virus doesn't kill children, Democrats can't have that.

[Tgo01]

The virus doesn't kill children, Democrats can't have that.

Very true.

[Archigeek]

I didn't say it has peaked, I said from the information we have it has peaked.



"We're not testing enough people! We need to test millions!!!"



Everyone with flu like symptoms? So everyone with a cough or a runny nose or feels a bit tired? You for real?


The number of new daily cases in the US peaked on March 1st.

Looks like you said it to me.

[Tgo01]

Looks like you said it to me.

From the data we have it did, I explained this further down in the exact same post.

It's okay, just think "Orange Man bad."

[Archigeek]

From the data we have it did, I explained this further down in the exact same post.

It's okay, just think "Orange Man bad."

You literally said it peaked on March first. Stop acting like a toilet paper hoarder.

[Tgo01]

You literally said it peaked on March first. Stop acting like a toilet paper hoarder.

And then I literally said that was based on the information we currently have and that it could change.

I also never once said the number of cases has peaked like Alfter claimed I did, I said the number of new DAILY cases peaked, and again I said based on the current information we have and that it could change.

[Archigeek]

And then I literally said that was based on the information we currently have and that it could change.

I also never once said the number of cases has peaked like Alfter claimed I did, I said the number of new DAILY cases peaked, and again I said based on the current information we have and that it could change.

Whatever dude. Keep splitting those hairs.

[Tgo01]

Whatever dude. Keep splitting those hairs.

How fucking ironic, this whole shit is you and Alfter splitting hairs because you can't be bothered to read and understand my post in its entirety.

You don't think there is a huge difference between the number of cases peaking and the number of new daily cases peaking? That's not "splitting hairs", that's you and Alfter refusing to understand simple English.

[Archigeek]

How fucking ironic, this whole shit is you and Alfter splitting hairs because you can't be bothered to read and understand my post in its entirety.

You don't think there is a huge difference between the number of cases peaking and the number of new daily cases peaking? That's not "splitting hairs", that's you and Alfter refusing to understand simple English.

I quoted what you literally said after you denied it.

Now you're parsing which cases you meant. I quoted both, and anyone can go read them and decide for themselves.

[Tgo01]

If we take Washington state out of the equation (all of their infected and dead, since it hit a retirement home hard), so far the death rate of the Wuhan Virus in the US is .008%, a rate LESS than the seasonal flu.

South Korea as a whole has a similar death rate.

There is no doubt the Wuhan Virus is dangerous to the elderly, smokers, and people with compromised immune systems, but everyone else mostly recovers with little to no treatment, and it affects children hardly at all, meaning there are probably many cases out there already that aren't being tested because they have minor symptoms or no symptoms at all meaning the death rate from this virus is much lower than what's being reported because the stats we have now are over sampling elderly victims because they are hit the hardest.

But keep on telling everyone this virus is 40 times deadlier than the flu. Don't look at the statistics because numbers are scary!

[Methais]

Your doctor is mistaken. COVID-19, which is caused by the coronavirus, is at least 10 times more likely to kill the average person than the flu. Furthermore, because there is no immunity in the population, more people will have it, creating more opportunities to be infected.

I can--and do--predict with a high level of confidence that more than one member of this particular online forum community will die from the virus within the next 90 days. Unfortunately for us all, but truthfully, it is a statistical near certainty.

The government will fail us. About 1/4th of the US population will eventually be infected. But there is no need for panic. Arm yourself with knowledge. Knowledge overcomes fear and increases your chances.

Good night, and good luck.

Shut the fuck up FallenRetard.

[Methais]

If someone dies from this group it will probably be someone that uses industrial alcohol to try and help their viruses. Wouldnt surprise me if we had a tide pod person here

Has anyone heard from BacKKKlash?

[Methais]

Whatever dude. Keep splitting those hairs.

Which part(s) are you confused about?


The number of new daily cases in the US peaked on March 1st.

In South Korea it peaked on February 29th.

The cases in China supposedly peaked a few weeks ago as well.

Italy of course is still fucked at the moment as the number of daily cases hasn't yet peaked in their country.

It's not a guarantee, but typically when the number of new daily cases peak that means the virus is on the way out in that country, and with Trump taking measures to ensure we cut off the flow of most of these infections (namely Europe) that means as of right now the stats are telling us the US is well on the way of containing this virus. This could change of course, I'm not saying we are out of the woods yet, just pointing out how ridiculous the media is for whipping everyone into a frenzy and suggesting Trump isn't doing enough.

Remember when the media couldn't suck their own dicks hard enough when they said Trump cared more about the stock market than he did about Americans dying? Remember how just last night Trump really fucked over the stock market by banning all incoming travel from Europe? Remember how the media STILL insisted he wasn't doing enough? The fuck is wrong with the people playing along with the media's fevered dreams?

[Methais]

https://scontent.fbtr1-1.fna.fbcdn.net/v/t1.0-9/s960x960/89997627_2684745358302065_33515803064139776_o.jpg? _nc_cat=110&_nc_sid=da1649&_nc_ohc=5ngl0MrVgiMAX_brKfI&_nc_ht=scontent.fbtr1-1.fna&_nc_tp=7&oh=506fc57f0468bb224efc848ae57d4e57&oe=5E9076CB

[Archigeek]

Which part(s) are you confused about?

The only thing that's confusing is Tgo01's inability to understand what the giant "illnesses occurring during this time frame may not yet be reported" note on the CDCs chart means. Same chart today indicates a peak on 3/7 with the same steep drop off. The drop off illustrates the lag in reporting, not the peak in either new or total cases.

[Tgo01]

The only thing that's confusing is Tgo01's inability to understand what the giant "illnesses occurring during this time frame may not yet be reported" note on the CDCs chart means. Same chart today indicates a peak on 3/7 with the same steep drop off. The drop off illustrates the lag in reporting, not the peak in either new or total cases.

So when I said things could change as we get more information I actually meant things could change as we get more information?

You're trying way too hard for a "Gotcha!" here, dude.

[Alfster]

Do you think the official numbers are correct? Do you think it's been transmitted through our communities already?

[Stolis]

Has anyone heard from BacKKKlash?

Self quarantined. He heard if he buttchugs spicy essential oils, it helps keep the COVID away.

[Tgo01]

Do you think the official numbers are correct? Do you think it's been transmitted through our communities already?

I think the official numbers are correct insofar that those are the people who have so far been tested and diagnosed, yes.

I'm sure there are a lot of people out there who have either mild symptoms, no symptoms, or perhaps worse symptoms but think it's just the flu and they haven't been tested yet.

This is why I think it's dumb to obsesses over the death rate at the moment, the actual number of people infected is probably much higher. There might be a few deaths out there that can be attributable to this virus that haven't been counted as well, but that number is most likely far lower than the number of infected people who haven't been tested yet.

According to the latest figures I could find the official death rate in the US is now around 2%, much lower than that if we don't include Washington state's numbers.

[Risen]

According to the latest figures I could find the official death rate in the US is now around 2%, much lower than that if we don't include Washington state's numbers.

I think this aligns with what I'm seeing, with or without Washington's numbers. The challenge is death counts will be delayed when contrasted against the transmission rate count. Most professional statistics particularly at CDC and WHO are projecting a mortality rate of between 3.4 and 14 percent. We won't have accurate statistics for a couple months yet.

The real problem with all the comparisons is that the flu and counts from the flu season are the results of several virus types we have some immunity to. This one is a new one, and so it can't really be compared with the standard flu season results.

[Seran]

What exactly is there to sensationalize? Collectively the stock markets have dropped more than 20%, school districts around the nation are closing, President Trump is getting ready to declare a national emergency.. There's nothing to sensationalize, these are the facts being reported.

[Risen]

I found this fairly compelling, even though I started skeptical because of the sensationalist title. I like the data and attempt to derive from that data the relevant facts.

https://medium.com/@tomaspueyo/coronavirus-act-today-or-people-will-die-f4d3d9cd99ca

[Tgo01]

What exactly is there to sensationalize?

Well this for example:


The coronavirus is coming to you.
It’s coming at an exponential speed: gradually, and then suddenly.
It’s a matter of days. Maybe a week or two.
When it does, your healthcare system will be overwhelmed.
Your fellow citizens will be treated in the hallways.
Exhausted healthcare workers will break down. Some will die.
They will have to decide which patient gets the oxygen and which one dies.

[Risen]

I'm guessing you stopped reading there. If so, would really encourage the other 20 minutes worth of reading. Extra understanding for me was the data on hospital beds per 1K population and the assessment on how that would play out if 'done like China', or 'done like Taiwan' or 'done like Italy'. The ending is not quite as sensational as the beginning - and the predictive analytics for business leaders to decide when to close is actually interesting.

[Tgo01]

Thank goodness Obama worked his magic and made the DOW go up 2000 points today.

Maybe by next week he will be taking credit for the economy again.

[Tgo01]

I'm guessing you stopped reading there.

I skimmed part of the rest of it because I don't like fear driven articles.

[Risen]

You must spread some Reputation around before giving it to Tgo01 again.

Props for that. I had to force myself to pay attention and finish it. Net take away, the US can do a lot (and is already doing a lot) to flatten the curve to fit within healthcare infrastructure constraints. If we do, we walk mostly unscathed. If we don't, we're in Italy's boat. The underlying message is to make decisions based on data and move. Refreshing actually.

[Ashlander]

Has anyone heard from BacKKKlash?

Arrested for trying to "quarantine" several preschoolers. For their own safety of course.

[Tgo01]

https://www.sciencenews.org/article/coronavirus-outbreak-diamond-princess-cruise-ship-death-rate


Outcomes suggest that, in the real world, about 0.5 percent of COVID-19 infections in China end in death

As of February 20, tests of most of the 3,711 people aboard the Diamond Princess confirmed that 634, or 17 percent, had the virus; 328 of them did not have symptoms at the time of diagnosis. Of those with symptoms, the fatality ratio was 1.9 percent, Russell and colleagues calculate. Of all infected, that ratio was 0.91 percent. Those 70 and older were most vulnerable, with an overall fatality ratio of about 7.3 percent.

Extrapolating those numbers to China, the team estimates that 1.1 percent of symptomatic cases there turned deadly. Considering asymptomatic cases drops that ratio to about 0.5 percent in China, the team calculates.

500 times deadlier than the flu!!!

[Risen]

“Well, it’s more severe than the flu.” Flu — which annually kills hundreds of thousands worldwide — has an estimated 0.1 percent fatality rate... [snip]...So the true fatality rate may be somewhat higher, “0.6 or 0.7 [percent], but it’s still a good ratio.

And the percentage increase from a mortality rate of .1 to a mortality rate of .6 is ... anyone?

Hint: Once again, Tgo is correct.

[Tgo01]

Thank goodness Obama worked his magic and made the DOW go up 2000 points today.

Maybe by next week he will be taking credit for the economy again.


Fucking dumb comment. Obama was President 3 years ago and hasn't said anything. Meanwhile, Trump should have taken daddies money and sat at home in the 70s. Fucking idiot posting that.

Now now, no need to lie. Obama was taking credit for the economy just a few weeks ago. Why you guys gotta lie?

[Suppa Hobbit Mage]

My work just notified the entire workforce to work from home effective Monday.

[Tgo01]

After days of the media pestering Trump to get tested after he said he hasn't been tested yet because he showed no symptoms and his doctors didn't think testing was necessary...finally Trump said "Okay fine if it will shut you bitches up I'll get tested!"

His test came back negative. I wonder why anyone takes the media seriously anymore.

[Suppa Hobbit Mage]

You are so angry. About everything.

[Tgo01]

You are so angry. About everything.

https://media.sandiegoreader.com/img/croppedphotos/2014/02/04/sealion_t658.jpg?ff95ca2b4c25d2d6ff3bfb257febf11d6 04414e5

[Solkern]

I was stuck in China for two months, than had to go through 21 day quarantine. This shit ain’t fun

[Methais]

You are so angry. About everything.

That didn’t seem like an angry post.

Reported.

[Parkbandit]

After days of the media pestering Trump to get tested after he said he hasn't been tested yet because he showed no symptoms and his doctors didn't think testing was necessary...finally Trump said "Okay fine if it will shut you bitches up I'll get tested!"

His test came back negative. I wonder why anyone takes the media seriously anymore.

Now the Democrats will be like "Look! HE THINKS HE'S ABOVE THE COMMON MAN! HE HAD NO SYMPTOMS YET HE GOT TESTED! WHY ISN'T THIS TEST GIVEN TO EVERYONE NOW!?!?!?"

[Neveragain]

I think one of the more fascinating aspects that's not being talked about, yet, is the divide this is going to cause in the workforce. The white collar class working from home while demanding the blue collar class show up on the production floors.

This could easily turn into a revolt.

[Parkbandit]

I think one of the more fascinating aspects that's not being talked about, yet, is the divide this is going to cause in the workforce. The white collar class working from home while demanding the blue collar class show up on the production floors.

This could easily turn into a revolt.

Examples.. or just rhetoric?

I was just informed that the local electric company is stopping a couple face to face programs we manage.. so that means my blue collar class employees are out of work for the next couple of weeks.

[Neveragain]

Examples.. or just rhetoric?

I was just informed that the local electric company is stopping a couple face to face programs we manage.. so that means my blue collar class employees are out of work for the next couple of weeks.

I know it's taking place at some business's in this area. Office employees are being told to stay home, production is being told to show up for normal hours.

Where my brother works, they told office employees to stay home and production to show as normal. A number of people in production have taken it to FB, asked management why this is and got the "Production is too valuable to our success". In reply they asked management "Why are we not paid more then?".

Spring break is this week, as of yet students are returning to school as regularly scheduled. I suspect this will change by the end of spring break.

[Fierna]

I guess this virus has benefited one aspect of our lives, namely: Gemstone. But seriously they should do a “Contagion” storyline with transmission through Empaths healing.

Empaths wash your hands !!

https://i.giphy.com/media/E1u9jkXZQq9Ew1jIlX/giphy.gif

[Astray]

I guess this virus has benefited one aspect of our lives, namely: Gemstone. But seriously they should do a “Contagion” storyline with transmission through Empaths healing.

They did this already and it was gay as fuck.

[Tgo01]

Now the Democrats will be like "Look! HE THINKS HE'S ABOVE THE COMMON MAN! HE HAD NO SYMPTOMS YET HE GOT TESTED! WHY ISN'T THIS TEST GIVEN TO EVERYONE NOW!?!?!?"

One said he didn't believe a word Trump's doctor says, because of course not.

One journalist who works for the NYT questioned why Trump's doctor said one day he didn't need testing because he said Trump had no symptoms and why the next day he was getting tested.

Yet another started a conspiracy that Trump's doctor wrote the memo saying Trump's test was negative BEFORE Trump's results were known.

The media was never going to accept anything other than "The president has the Wuhan flu and will most likely be dead within a couple of weeks" because they are mostly disgusting ghouls at this point.

[Archigeek]

I know it's taking place at some business's in this area. Office employees are being told to stay home, production is being told to show up for normal hours.

Where my brother works, they told office employees to stay home and production to show as normal. A number of people in production have taken it to FB, asked management why this is and got the "Production is too valuable to our success". In reply they asked management "Why are we not paid more then?".

Spring break is this week, as of yet students are returning to school as regularly scheduled. I suspect this will change by the end of spring break.

Most schools here are shut down till end of March.

RE: blue collar vs white, I work in a business that has a solid mix of the two, and the reality is that most of us white collar workers can do our jobs from home, but the blue collar folks flat out can't. Of course if they get sick it's going to be a moot point. Personally I suck at working from home... headed to the office shortly.

[Tgo01]

https://twitter.com/adamhousley/status/1238989170518814720?s=20


that if it’s true that China knew of CoronaVirus in early November, the likelihood that it has already run through parts of this country is massive. Meaning we are way past testing and mitigation. It also means we may...may...have moved through it in parts of the U.S.

This actually makes a lot of sense. If China knew about the Wuhan Virus 4 months ago but didn't bother to tell anyone for over 2 months, it's unlikely the disease is just NOW spreading throughout the US. It's not like China is just piss ant country in the middle of Africa that doesn't produce anything or have many international travelers, China is a major hub where a lot of shit is produced and they have people traveling all over the world as well as people from all over the world visiting China and then returning home.

This guy also explains that the US had a particularly bad flu season last year/this year, with more deaths than usual and a lot of people being told they had the flu and to go home and rest. Since the Wuhan Virus and the flu have almost identical symptoms it's possible a lot of those people with the flu really had the Wuhan Virus but since China was busy arresting anyone who tried to sound the alarm on the Wuhan Virus American doctors had no other explanation for people getting sick other than it was the flu.

Only time will tell I suppose.

[Parkbandit]

They did this already and it was gay as fuck.

Why do you think MacGayver loved it so much and wants to do it again and again and again??

[Tgo01]

Hard hitting journalism as usual over at CNN: https://twitter.com/TrumpWarRoom/status/1239209167468072960?s=20

OMG! Trump touched a microphone before you touched it! Isn't that a BAD THING?!

Can the news for once stop it with the Orange Man Bad shit and just let the experts explain what to worry about and what not to worry about.

[~Rocktar~]

Hard hitting journalism as usual over at CNN: https://twitter.com/TrumpWarRoom/status/1239209167468072960?s=20

OMG! Trump touched a microphone before you touched it! Isn't that a BAD THING?!

Can the news for once stop it with the Orange Man Bad shit and just let the experts explain what to worry about and what not to worry about.

No, no they can't

[Suppa Hobbit Mage]

RE: blue collar vs white, I work in a business that has a solid mix of the two, and the reality is that most of us white collar workers can do our jobs from home, but the blue collar folks flat out can't. Of course if they get sick it's going to be a moot point. Personally I suck at working from home... headed to the office shortly.

Yeah I'm in the same boat, they asked us to stay home and frankly I get WAY to distracted at home to be as productive as I am at work. Currently it's optional, so I'm planning on going in.

I did go grocery shopping on Thursday, all paper products (toilet paper, paper towels, napkins), gone. Virtually all water was gone, all the produce, meats were the lowest I've ever seen in a Costco. It was 100% nuts... line was from the entrance to the very back to check out. Took me 45 minutes just in line.

People are crazy. I also did some ordering online from Amazon. They put a cap of # of items you could order from pantry - like I was getting some dinty more beef stew, they capped it at 2. So I think they are doing some changes behind the scenes to control the impulse crazies.

[Suppa Hobbit Mage]

Also, since I'm a prepper, I have 12 cases of water I rotate through, as well as a whole walk in full of 25 year shelf life food. I'm personally not worried about running out, but I really do hope folks get what they need. The crazies are going to make it difficult for normal folks living day to day to actually buy groceries.

[Risen]

I'm feeling the pinch. I'm a hunter / killer. I hunt up the menu for the food I want to eat, and I go kill a serving or two of that. Restaurants closing? Ugh. And no, it isn't the same if I have to do the dishes from delivery or takeout.

[beldannon5]

tacobell thinking about drive through only, all Walmarts going to 6am to 11pm. crazy stuff.

[Tgo01]

tacobell thinking about drive through only, all Walmarts going to 6am to 11pm. crazy stuff.

People are losing their damned minds. Although these measures at least make sense and won't change things too much.

I think stores are rolling back being open 24/7 because there are so many morons late at night harassing the people stocking shelves and I imagine theft is up too.

[Neveragain]

Fed just cut interest rates to .00 -.25.

Futures hit limit down.

https://media0.giphy.com/media/jOpLbiGmHR9S0/giphy.gif

[Archigeek]

Community cases being reported in Minnesota now. 1 each in the three counties with the largest populations, including mine.

I went to the DMV yesterday, which should have been one of the first things they closed. Fuuuuck.

[Fortybox]

Fed just cut interest rates to .00 -.25.

Futures hit limit down.

https://media0.giphy.com/media/jOpLbiGmHR9S0/giphy.gif

Tomorrow is going to be bad.

[Archigeek]

All these rate cuts are completely pointless at this stage. We can't stimulate our way out of this.

[~Rocktar~]

All these rare cuts are completely pointless at this stage. We can't stimulate our way out of this.

Sure we could, we could round up all the mass media that incited this panic and use a cattle prod on them. Their TDS is quite out of control and I am 100% sure that it would be quite stimulating to watch and would indeed go a long way yo getting us out of this mess that they created.

[time4fun]

All these rare cuts are completely pointless at this stage. We can't stimulate our way out of this.

Worse than pointless I'm afraid. The Fed only has so many tools in its toolbox to deal with economic downturns/recessions/etc. They've effectively used up one of their most important tools- which means it's not going to be there if/when we hit a recession.

What we need is stimulus- but stimulus that specifically targets affected lower and mid-income individuals/families (sick leave, enhanced unemployment benefits, an *increase* in SNAP benefits, healthcare coverage, etc). *Not* what the White House has been (inexplicably) proposing.

[Tgo01]

What we need is stimulus- but stimulus that specifically targets affected lower and mid-income individuals/families (sick leave, enhanced unemployment benefits, an *increase* in SNAP benefits, healthcare coverage, etc). *Not* what the White House has been (inexplicably) proposing.

This is exactly what Trump's administration worked with the House on and what the House passed and Trump said he supports the bill, ensuring it will be passed in the Senate and signed into law.

Do you just not pay attention? Or you still getting all of your "news" from CNN and MSNBC?

[Archigeek]

Short term safety net solutions will be helpful, but no amount of economic stimulation will make a measurable difference until Covid19 blows over.

[time4fun]

Short term safety net solutions will be helpful, but no amount of economic stimulation will make a measurable difference until Covid19 blows over.

I would say that's a little fatalistic. To the families who are suddenly without paychecks or who are sick with no healthcare or sick leave, it's a huge difference. Likewise for local businesses that are struggling to stay open.

If only we had universal healthcare and mandatory sick leave... Those things half this country have been fighting *against* all these years.

[Tgo01]

If only we had universal healthcare and mandatory sick leave... Those things half this country have been fighting *against* all these years.

For whoever asked me earlier what is there to sensationalize, I give you time4fun!

[Voldemort]

For whoever asked me earlier what is there to sensationalize, I give you time4fun!

How is a fact sensationalization? I know 2 close friends who are in similar dire straits. One of them is living in my basement (and still can’t get his own place even working 80 hour weeks.) You’re extremely fortunate but you have some delusional belief that, “well as long I’m OK, someone else’s circumstances around me won’t affect me.”

https://i.giphy.com/media/2Uj78rAEWCob6/giphy.gif

[Tgo01]

How is a fact sensationalization? I know 2 close friends who are in similar dire straits. One of them is living in my basement (and still can’t get his own place even working 80 hour weeks.) You’re extremely fortunate but you have some delusional belief that, “well as long I’m OK, someone else’s circumstances around me won’t affect me.”

https://i.giphy.com/media/2Uj78rAEWCob6/giphy.gif

Silvers are going to be worth 50 cents a million soon!

[Gelston]

I would say that's a little fatalistic. To the families who are suddenly without paychecks or who are sick with no healthcare or sick leave, it's a huge difference. Likewise for local businesses that are struggling to stay open.

If only we had universal healthcare and mandatory sick leave... Those things half this country have been fighting *against* all these years.

Like China? Works great!